kubeadm安装k8s集群超详细步骤2024

一、准备工作

1、准备三台资源不小于2CPU-2G内存-20G硬盘服务器（要求在同一个局域网）

2、服务器规划

主机名	ip	CPU	内存	硬盘	操作系统
k8s-master	192.168.204.10	2C	2G	20G	centos7
k8s-node1	192.168.204.11	2C	2G	20G	centos7
k8s-node2	192.168.204.12	2C	2G	20G	centos7

3、修改静态ip，防止ip变动(我使用的是虚拟机所以我的网卡名称是ifcfg-ens33)

 vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
 BOOTPROTO="dhcp"          #修改成BOOTPROTO="static"
 ONBOOT="yes"              #默认是yes，如果是no则改为"yes"
 
 在配置文件的行尾添加一下配置
 IPADDR=192.168.204.10     #网卡的IP地址
 GATEWAY=192.168.204.2     #默认网关IP地址（虚拟机的默认网关都是xxx.xxx.xxx.2可以在虚拟网络编辑器里面查看不会的话百度）
 NETMASK=255.255.255.0     #子网掩码
 DNS1=114.114.114.114      #dns1服务器
 DNS2=8.8.8.8              #dns2服务器

4、配置好静态IP后重启网卡设置

systemctl restart network

5、更换国内yum源

curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

二、初始化配置（master和node都执行）

1、修改主机名

hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-master && bash   #k8s-master
 
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-node1 && bash   #k8s-node1

hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-node2 && bash   #k8s-node2

2、主机名解析

cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
192.168.204.10 k8s-master
192.168.204.11 k8s-node1
192.168.204.12 k8s-node2
EOF

3、配置iptables规则

iptables -F && iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT

4、关闭防火墙、selinux、swap分区

systemctl disable firewalld && systemctl stop firewalld
sed -ri 's#(SELINUX=).*#\1disabled#' /etc/selinux/config
setenforce 0
swapoff -a
sed -i ' / swap / s/^\(.*\)$/#\1/g' /etc/fstab

5、修改系统的网络和内核参数

cat <<EOF > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
vm.max_map_count=262144
EOF
modprobe br_netfilter
sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf

6、清理 yum 软件包缓存并且重新建立缓存

yum clean all && yum makecache fast

三、安装docker（master和node都执行）

1、修改系统的网络参数

cat <<EOF > /etc/sysctl.d/docker.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1	
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
EOF
sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/docker.conf

2、安装依赖

yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 vim wget lrzsz net-tools

3、安装docker-ce

yum install -y docker-ce-20.10.24 docker-ce-cli-20.10.24  containerd.io

#需要安装docker20.10版本的，高于docker20.10版本的会影响后续k8s的部署
#如果之前安装过docker，可以使用yum remove docker-ce卸载

4、配置镜像加速和设置 Docker 的 cgroup 驱动程序为 systemd

mkdir -p /etc/docker
cat <<EOF > /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://gwtzlfl6.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
  "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"]
}
EOF

5、启动docker并设置开机自启

systemctl enable --now docker

四、安装k8s集群

1、设置k8s阿里镜像源（master和node都执行）

cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF

2、安装kubeadm，kubeelet和kubectl（master和node都执行）

yum install -y kubelet-1.23.17-0 kubeadm-1.23.17-0 kubectl-1.23.17-0
systemctl enable --now kubelet

kubeadm version    #查看kubeadm版本

3、将镜像手动拉取下来，这样在初始化的时候会更快一些（只在master执行）

kubeadm config images pull  --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers

4、初始化 Kubernetes 集群（只在master执行）

kubeadm init \
  --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.204.10 \
  --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \
  --kubernetes-version v1.23.17 \
  --service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12 \
  --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \
  --ignore-preflight-errors=all

# –apiserver-advertise-address   # 集群通告地址(master 机器IP，这里用的万兆网)
# –image-repository              # 由于默认拉取镜像地址k8s.gcr.io国内无法访问，这里指定阿里云镜像仓库地址
# –kubernetes-version            # K8s版本，与上面安装的一致
# –service-cidr                  # 集群内部虚拟网络，Pod统一访问入口，可以不用更改，直接用上面的参数
# –pod-network-cidr              # Pod网络，与下面部署的CNI网络组件yaml中保持一致，可以不用更改，直接用上面的参数

5、初始化结果

①拷贝kubeconfig文件（只在master执行）

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

②添加node节点到集群中（只在node节点执行）！！！注意不要复制粘贴

kubeadm join 192.168.8.210:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:cea8e2b170ffae49b1bc17e09f698f132a9a5e55a76715211ab9cb8cc703fec2 

#注意不要复制粘贴，这里是你上面初始化成功之后输出的结果，是将node加入你的k8s集群
#如果不小心清理的你的token，可以使用kubeadm token list输出你的token信息
#或者重新生成一个新的token，kubeadm token create --print-join-command

五、安装网络插件Flannel (只在master执行)

1、先将(Flannel)网络插件pull到自己本地，如果该步骤执行失败或者无法拉取镜像，请参考下一步操作。该镜像由大喵桑丶-CSDN博客提供参考文章：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_35700085/article/details/140950872

docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/liuk8s/flannel:v0.21.5
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/liuk8s/flannel-cni-plugin:v1.1.2

2、！！！Flannel网络插件备用方案  先将(Flannel)网络插件通过百度网盘下载到自己本地

https://pan.baidu.com/s/1faZoKaY1ZmxiYJGLyzywog

提取码：98z8

下载好的文件有三个，flannel-cni-plugin_v1.1.2.tar，flannel_v0.21.5.tar，kube-flannel.yml

下载好docker镜像后上传到你的服务器中，执行以下操作：

docker load -i flannel_v0.21.5.tar
docker load -i flannel-cni-plugin_v1.1.2.tar

 通过docker images 查看镜像发现镜像已成功导入，可以按步骤继续执行。

[root@aly ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY                                                    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/liuk8s/flannel              v0.21.5   a6c0cb5dbd21   16 months ago   68.9MB
registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/liuk8s/flannel-cni-plugin   v1.1.2    7a2dcab94698   21 months ago   7.97MB

3、上传以下kube-flannel.yml文件到master节点，创建一个kube-flannel.yml文件粘贴进去即可

---
kind: Namespace
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel
  labels:
    k8s-app: flannel
    pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce: privileged
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: flannel
  name: flannel
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - pods
  verbs:
  - get
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - nodes
  verbs:
  - get
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - nodes/status
  verbs:
  - patch
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: flannel
  name: flannel
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: flannel
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: flannel
  namespace: kube-flannel
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: flannel
  name: flannel
  namespace: kube-flannel
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-cfg
  namespace: kube-flannel
  labels:
    tier: node
    k8s-app: flannel
    app: flannel
data:
  cni-conf.json: |
    {
      "name": "cbr0",
      "cniVersion": "0.3.1",
      "plugins": [
        {
          "type": "flannel",
          "delegate": {
            "hairpinMode": true,
            "isDefaultGateway": true
          }
        },
        {
          "type": "portmap",
          "capabilities": {
            "portMappings": true
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  net-conf.json: |
    {
      "Network": "10.244.0.0/16",
      "EnableNFTables": false,
      "Backend": {
        "Type": "vxlan"
      }
    }
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-ds
  namespace: kube-flannel
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
    k8s-app: flannel
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: flannel
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        tier: node
        app: flannel
    spec:
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
            - matchExpressions:
              - key: kubernetes.io/os
                operator: In
                values:
                - linux
      hostNetwork: true
      priorityClassName: system-node-critical
      tolerations:
      - operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      serviceAccountName: flannel
      initContainers:
      - name: install-cni-plugin
        image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/liuk8s/flannel-cni-plugin:v1.1.2
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /flannel
        - /opt/cni/bin/flannel
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni-plugin
          mountPath: /opt/cni/bin
      - name: install-cni
        image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/liuk8s/flannel:v0.21.5
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
        - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni
          mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      containers:
      - name: kube-flannel
        image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/liuk8s/flannel:v0.21.5
        command:
        - /opt/bin/flanneld
        args:
        - --ip-masq
        - --kube-subnet-mgr
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
        securityContext:
          privileged: false
          capabilities:
            add: ["NET_ADMIN", "NET_RAW"]
        env:
        - name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        - name: EVENT_QUEUE_DEPTH
          value: "5000"
        volumeMounts:
        - name: run
          mountPath: /run/flannel
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
        - name: xtables-lock
          mountPath: /run/xtables.lock
      volumes:
      - name: run
        hostPath:
          path: /run/flannel
      - name: cni-plugin
        hostPath:
          path: /opt/cni/bin
      - name: cni
        hostPath:
          path: /etc/cni/net.d
      - name: flannel-cfg
        configMap:
          name: kube-flannel-cfg
      - name: xtables-lock
        hostPath:
          path: /run/xtables.lock
          type: FileOrCreate

4、安装Flannel（只在master节点执行）

kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml

5、过2分钟左右检查集群状态（只在master节点执行）

kubectl get node

如果看到三个节点的STATUS列都为Ready，那么恭喜你，安装成功

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get  nodes 
NAME         STATUS   ROLES                  AGE     VERSION
k8s-master   Ready    control-plane,master   8m3s    v1.23.17
k8s-node1    Ready    <none>                 7m34s   v1.23.17
k8s-node2    Ready    <none>                 7m30s   v1.23.17

六、配置kubectl补全

1、kubectl自动补全依赖 bash-completion 运行下面命令安装

yum -y install bash-completion 

2、设置环境变量

echo "source /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion" >>  ~/.bashrc
echo 'source <(kubectl completion bash)' >>~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc

3、检查是否有正常内容输出

type _init_completion

4、如果有正常输出就可以使用kubectl [tab] [tab]完成自动补全。