c++编写一个简单的数据库程序

第一步：构建一个头文件（**.h）

#include<iostream>
#include<iomanip>
#include<fstream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
class CStudentRec
{
public:
	char chFlag;//标志，A表示正常，N表示空
	char strName[20];//姓名
	char strID[10];//学号
	float fScore[3];//3门成绩
	float fAve;//总平均分
	CStudentRec(char *name,char *id,float score[]);
	CStudentRec(){chFlag='N';};//默认构造函数
	~CStudentRec(){};//默认析构函数
	void Input(void);
	float Validate(void);//成绩数据的输入验证，返回正确值
	void Print(bool isTitle=false);
	friend ostream& operator<<( ostream& os,CStudentRec& stu);
	friend istream& operator>>( istream& is,CStudentRec& stu);
};

CStudentRec::CStudentRec(char *name,char *id,float score[])
{
	strncpy(strName,name,20);
	strncpy(strID,id,10);
	fAve=0;
	for(int i=0;i<3;i++)
	{
		fScore[i]=score[i];
		fAve+=fScore[i];
	}
	fAve=float(fAve/3.0);
	chFlag='A';
}
void CStudentRec::Input(void)
{
	cout<<"姓名：";
	cin>>strName;
	cout<<"学号：";
	cin>>strID;
	float fSum=0;
	for(int i=0;i<3;i++)
	{
		cout<<"成绩"<<i+1<<":";
		fScore[i]=Validate();
		fSum+=fScore[i];
	}
	fAve=(float)(fSum/3.0);
	chFlag='A';
	getchar();
}
float CStudentRec::Validate(void)
{
	int s;
	char buf[80];
	float res;
	for(;;)
	{
		cin>>res;
		s=cin.rdstate();
		while(s)
		{
			cin.clear();
			cin.getline(buf,80);
			cout<<"非法输入，重新输入：";
			cin>>res;
			s=cin.rdstate();
		}
		if((res<=100.0)&&(res>=0.0))break;
		else
			cout<<"输入的成绩超过范围！请重新输入：";
	}
	return res;
}
void CStudentRec::Print(bool isTitle)
{
	cout.setf(ios::left);
	if(isTitle)
		cout<<setw(20)<<"姓名："<<setw(10)<<"学号："<<"\t成绩1："<<"\t成绩2："<<"\t成绩3："<<"\t平均分："<<endl;
	cout<<setw(20)<<strName<<setw(10)<<strID;
	for(int i=0;i<3;i++)
		cout<<"\t"<<fScore[i];
	cout<<"\t"<<fAve<<endl;
	getchar();
}
ostream& operator<<(ostream& os,CStudentRec& stu)
{
	os.write(&stu.chFlag,sizeof(char));
	os.write(stu.strName,sizeof(stu.strName));
	os.write(stu.strID,sizeof(stu.strID));
	os.write((char*)&stu.fScore,sizeof(float)*3);
	os.write((char*)&stu.fAve,sizeof(float));
	return os;
}
istream& operator>>(istream& is,CStudentRec& stu)
{
	char name[20],id[10];
	is.read(&stu.chFlag,sizeof(char));
	is.read(name,sizeof(name));
	is.read(id,sizeof(id));
	is.read((char*)stu.fScore,sizeof(float)*3);
	is.read((char*)&stu.fAve,sizeof(float));
	strncpy(stu.strName,name,sizeof(name));
	strncpy(stu.strID,id,sizeof(id));
	return is;
}

class CStuFile
{
public:
	CStuFile(char* filename);
	~CStuFile();
	void Add(CStudentRec stu);
	int Seek(char* id,CStudentRec &stu);
	int List(int nNum=-1);
private:
	char* strFileName;
};
CStuFile::CStuFile(char* filename)
{
	strFileName=new char[strlen(filename)+1];
	strcpy(strFileName,filename);
}
CStuFile::~CStuFile()
{
	if(strFileName)delete []strFileName;
}
void CStuFile::Add(CStudentRec stu)
{
	fstream file(strFileName,ios::out|ios::app|ios::binary);
	file<<stu;
	file.close();
}
int CStuFile::Seek(char* id,CStudentRec& stu)
{
	int nRec=-1;
	fstream file(strFileName,ios::in|ios::_Nocreate);
	if(!file)
	{
		cout<<"文件"<<strFileName<<"不能打开！\n";
		return nRec;
	}
	int i=0;
	while(!file.eof())
	{
		file>>stu;
		if((strcmp(id,stu.strID)==0)&&(stu.chFlag!='N'))
		{
			nRec=i;break;
		}
		i++;
	}
	file.close();
	return nRec;
	getchar();
}
int CStuFile::List(int nNum)
{
	fstream file(strFileName,ios::in|ios::_Nocreate);
	if(!file)
	{
		cout<<"文件"<<strFileName<<"不能打开！\n";
		return 0;
	}
	int nRec=0;
	if((nNum==-1)||(nNum>0))
	{
		cout.setf(ios::left);
		cout<<setw(6)<<"记录"<<setw(20)<<"姓名"<<setw(10)<<"学号"<<"\t成绩1\t成绩2\t成绩3\t平均分"<<endl;
	}
	while(!file.eof())
	{
		CStudentRec data;
		file>>data;
		if(data.chFlag=='A')
		{
			nRec++;
			if((nNum==-1)||(nRec<=nNum))
			{
				cout.setf(ios::left);
				cout<<setw(6)<<nRec;
				data.Print();
			}
		}
	}
	file.close();
	return nRec;
}

第二部：创建一个.cpp文件

#include<iostream>
#include"**.h"
CStuFile theStu("student.txt");
void AddTo(int nNum)
{
 CStudentRec stu;
 for(int i=0;i<nNum;i++)
 {
  cout<<"请输入第"<<i+1<<"记录:"<<endl;
  stu.Input();
  theStu.Add(stu);
 }
}
void main()
{
 AddTo(3);
 theStu.List();
 CStudentRec one;
 if(theStu.Seek("21050102",one)>=0)
  one.Print(true);
 else
  cout<<"没有找到！\n";
 theStu.List();
 getchar();
}

ok