HDU5289 Assignment

题目大意：问数组a中，区间[i,j]中最大值和最小值之差不超过k，问这样的区间有多少个。

思路：预处理出区间[i,j]中的最大值最小值（这里用的是ST算法，也有用线段树的），然后枚举左端点l，二分出符合条件的右端点r，以l为左端点，j为右端点(l<=j<=r)的符合条件的集合为（r-l+1)。

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_DEPRECATE
#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
#include<algorithm>
#include<string>
#include<cstring>
#include<queue>
#include<vector>
#include<cmath>
#include<ctime>
#define N 100005
#define LL long long 
#define mod 1000000007
#define esp 1e-6
#define y1 y1234
#define INF 0x3f3f3f3f
#define lson l,m,rt<<1
#define rson m+1,r,rt<<1|1
#define maxn 200005
const double PI = acos(-1.0);
using namespace std;

int a[N];
int mx[N][21], mi[N][21];
int n, k;

void RMQ(){
	for (int j = 1; (1<<j) <= n; j++){
		for (int i = 1; i + (1<<j)-1 <= n; i++){
			int p = 1 << (j - 1);
			mx[i][j] = max(mx[i][j - 1], mx[i + p][j - 1]);
			mi[i][j] = min(mi[i][j - 1], mi[i + p][j - 1]);
		}
	}
}

int q(int i, int j){
	int k = log2(j - i + 1.0);
	int mma = max(mx[i][k], mx[j - (1 << k) + 1][k]);
	int mmi = min(mi[i][k], mi[j - (1 << k) + 1][k]);
	return mma - mmi;
}

int main(){
	int t;
	cin >> t;
	while (t--){
		cin >> n >> k;
		for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
			scanf("%d", &a[i]);
			mx[i][0] = mi[i][0] = a[i];
		}
		RMQ();
		LL ans = 0;
		for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
			int l = i, r = n;
			while (l + 1 < r){
				int m = (l + r) >> 1;
				if (q(i, m) < k)l = m;
				else r = m;
			}
			if (q(i, r) < k)
				ans += (r * 1LL - i + 1);
			else ans += (l * 1LL - i + 1);
		}
		cout << ans << endl;
	}
	return 0;
}