JetpackCompose从入门到实战学习笔记8—ConstraintLayout的简单使用

JetpackCompose从入门到实战学习笔记8—ConstraintLayout的简单使用

1.简介：

Compose 中的 ConstraintLayout

ConstraintLayout 是一种布局，让您可以相对于屏幕上的其他可组合项来放置可组合项。它是一种实用的替代方案，可代替使用多个已嵌套的 Row、Column、Box 和其他自定义布局元素这种做法。在实现对齐要求比较复杂的较大布局时，ConstraintLayout 很有用。

在以下情况下，考虑使用 ConstraintLayout：

• 为了避免在屏幕上定位元素时嵌套多个 Column 和 Row，以便提高代码的可读性。
• 相对于其它可组合项来定位可组合项，或根据引导线、屏障线或链来定位可组合项。

在 View 系统中，建议使用 ConstraintLayout 来创建复杂的大型布局，因为扁平视图层次结构比嵌套视图的效果更好。不过，这在 Compose 中不是什么问题，因为 Compose 能够高效地处理较深的布局层次结构。

2.在build.gradle中添加依赖：

    implementation "androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout-compose:1.0.1"

3.可组合项简单使用：

@Composable
fun ConstraintLayoutContent() {
    ConstraintLayout {
        // Create references for the composables to constrain
        val (button, text) = createRefs()
        Button(
            onClick = { /* Do something */ },
            // Assign reference "button" to the Button composable
            // and constrain it to the top of the ConstraintLayout
            modifier = Modifier.constrainAs(button) {
                top.linkTo(parent.top, margin = 16.dp)
            }
        ) {
            Text("Button")
        }

        // Assign reference "text" to the Text composable
        // and constrain it to the bottom of the Button composable
        Text("Android", Modifier.constrainAs(text) {
            top.linkTo(button.bottom, margin = 16.dp)
        })
    }
}

4.效果如下：

5.Barrier分界线:

    @Preview
    @Composable
    fun InputFieldLayoutDemo() {
        ConstraintLayout(
            modifier = Modifier
                .width(400.dp)
                .height(100.dp)
                .padding(10.dp)
        ) {
            val (usernameTextRef, passwordTextRef, usernameInputRef, passWordInputRef, dividerRef) = remember { createRefs() }
            var barrier = createEndBarrier(usernameTextRef, passwordTextRef)
            Text(
                text = "用户名",
                fontSize = 14.sp,
                textAlign = TextAlign.Left,
                modifier = Modifier
                    .constrainAs(usernameTextRef) {
                        top.linkTo(parent.top)
                        start.linkTo(parent.start)
                    }
            )
            Divider(
                Modifier
                    .fillMaxWidth()
                    .constrainAs(dividerRef) {
                        top.linkTo(usernameTextRef.bottom)
                        bottom.linkTo(passwordTextRef.top)
                    })
            Text(
                text = "密码",
                fontSize = 14.sp,
                modifier = Modifier
                    .constrainAs(passwordTextRef) {
                        top.linkTo(usernameTextRef.bottom, 19.dp)
                        start.linkTo(parent.start)
                    }
            )
            OutlinedTextField(
                value = "",
                onValueChange = {},
                modifier = Modifier.constrainAs(usernameInputRef) {
                    start.linkTo(barrier, 10.dp)
                    top.linkTo(usernameTextRef.top)
                    bottom.linkTo(usernameTextRef.bottom)
                    height = Dimension.fillToConstraints
                }
            )
            OutlinedTextField(
                value = "",
                onValueChange = {},
                modifier = Modifier.constrainAs(passWordInputRef) {
                    start.linkTo(barrier, 10.dp)
                    top.linkTo(passwordTextRef.top)
                    bottom.linkTo(passwordTextRef.bottom)
                    height = Dimension.fillToConstraints
                }
            )
        }
    }

6.效果如下：

7.GuideLine引导线:

    @Preview
    @Composable
    fun GuidelineSample(){
            ConstraintLayout(
                modifier = Modifier
                    .fillMaxSize()
                    .padding(10.dp)
                    .background(Color.White)
            ) {
                val topGuideline = createGuidelineFromTop(0.2f)
                var (userPortraitBackgroundRef, userPortraitImgRef, welcomeRef, quotesRef) = remember { createRefs() }
                Box(
                    modifier = Modifier
                        .background(Color.Green)
                        .constrainAs(userPortraitBackgroundRef) {
                            top.linkTo(parent.top)
                            bottom.linkTo(topGuideline)
                            height = Dimension.fillToConstraints
                            width = Dimension.matchParent
                        }
                )
                Image(
                    painter = painterResource(id = R.mipmap.avatar),
                    contentDescription = stringResource(R.string.description),
                    contentScale = ContentScale.Crop,
                    modifier = Modifier
                        .constrainAs(userPortraitImgRef)
                        {
                            top.linkTo(topGuideline)
                            bottom.linkTo(topGuideline)
                            start.linkTo(parent.start)
                            end.linkTo(parent.end)
                        }
                        .size(100.dp)
                        .clip(CircleShape)
                        .border(width = 2.dp, color = Color.Red, shape = CircleShape)
                )
                Text(text = "Compose 技术爱好者Compose 技术爱好者Compose 技术爱好者Compose 技术爱好者Compose 技术爱好者Compose ",
                    fontSize = 24.sp,
                    maxLines = 1,
                    textAlign = TextAlign.Center,
                    overflow = TextOverflow.Ellipsis,//1行显示不下时是否显示。。。
                    modifier = Modifier.constrainAs(welcomeRef) {
                        top.linkTo(userPortraitImgRef.bottom, 30.dp)
                        start.linkTo(parent.start)
                        end.linkTo(parent.end)
                        width = Dimension.preferredWrapContent
                    }
                )
            }
    }

//这里有个小技巧：若要想TextView一行铺满但没有完全显示且显示。。。时设置 overflow = TextOverflow.Ellipsis属性

8.效果如下：

9.Chain链接约束:

 /**
     *  Chain链接约束,Compose提供了ChainStyle
     *  1.Spread:链条中美国元素均分整个parent空间。
     *  2.SpreadInside:链条中首尾元素紧贴边界，剩下每个元素平分整个parent空间。
     *  3.Packed:链条在所有元素聚焦到中间。
     */
    @Preview
    @Composable
    fun ChainDemo() {
        ConstraintLayout(
            modifier = Modifier
                .fillMaxSize()
                .background(Color.Gray)
        ) {
            val (quotesFirstLineRef, quotesSecondLineRef, quotesThirdLineRef, quotesForthLineRef) = remember { createRefs() }
            createVerticalChain(quotesFirstLineRef, quotesSecondLineRef, quotesThirdLineRef, quotesForthLineRef,
                chainStyle = ChainStyle.SpreadInside)
            Text(
                text = "寄蜉蝣于天地，",
                color = Color.White,
                fontSize = 30.sp,
                fontWeight = FontWeight.Bold,
                modifier = Modifier.constrainAs(quotesFirstLineRef) {
                    start.linkTo(parent.start)
                    end.linkTo(parent.end)
                }
            )
            Text(
                text = "渺沧海之一粟。",
                color = Color.White,
                fontSize = 30.sp,
                fontWeight = FontWeight.Bold,
                modifier = Modifier.constrainAs(quotesSecondLineRef) {
                    start.linkTo(parent.start)
                    end.linkTo(parent.end)
                }
            )

            Text(
                text = "哀吾生之须臾，",
                color = Color.White,
                fontSize = 30.sp,
                fontWeight = FontWeight.Bold,
                modifier = Modifier.constrainAs(quotesThirdLineRef) {
                    start.linkTo(parent.start)
                    end.linkTo(parent.end)
                }
            )
            Text(
                text = "羡长江之无穷。",
                color = Color.White,
                fontSize = 30.sp,
                fontWeight = FontWeight.Bold,
                modifier = Modifier.constrainAs(quotesForthLineRef) {
                    start.linkTo(parent.start)
                    end.linkTo(parent.end)
                }
            )
        }
    }

10效果如下：

11.Spread模式效果如下：

• Spread模式:链条中美国元素均分整个parent空间。

12.SpreadInside模式效果如下：

• SpreadInside:链条中首尾元素紧贴边界，剩下每个元素平分整个parent空间。

13.Packed模式效果如下：

• Packed:链条在所有元素聚焦到中间。

14.完整代码如下：

import android.os.Bundle
import android.widget.ScrollView
import androidx.activity.ComponentActivity
import androidx.activity.compose.setContent
import androidx.compose.foundation.Image
import androidx.compose.foundation.background
import androidx.compose.foundation.border
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.*
import androidx.compose.foundation.shape.CircleShape
import androidx.compose.material.*
import androidx.compose.runtime.Composable
import androidx.compose.runtime.remember
import androidx.compose.ui.Modifier
import androidx.compose.ui.draw.clip
import androidx.compose.ui.graphics.Color
import androidx.compose.ui.layout.ContentScale
import androidx.compose.ui.res.painterResource
import androidx.compose.ui.res.stringResource
import androidx.compose.ui.text.font.FontWeight
import androidx.compose.ui.text.style.TextAlign
import androidx.compose.ui.text.style.TextOverflow
import androidx.compose.ui.tooling.preview.Preview
import androidx.compose.ui.unit.dp
import androidx.compose.ui.unit.sp
import androidx.constraintlayout.compose.ChainStyle
import androidx.constraintlayout.compose.ConstraintLayout
import androidx.constraintlayout.compose.Dimension

/**
 * @auth: njb
 * @date: 2023/1/17 16:36
 * @desc:
 */
class ConstraintLayoutActivity:ComponentActivity() {

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        setContent {
           // ConstraintLayoutContent()
           // ConstraintLayoutSample()
            //InputFieldLayoutDemo()
            //GuidelineSample()
            ChainDemo()
        }
    }

    @Preview
    @Composable
    fun ConstraintLayoutContent() {
        ConstraintLayout {
            // Create references for the composables to constrain
            val (button, text) = createRefs()
            Button(
                onClick = { /* Do something */ },
                // Assign reference "button" to the Button composable
                // and constrain it to the top of the ConstraintLayout
                modifier = Modifier.constrainAs(button) {
                    top.linkTo(parent.top, margin = 16.dp)
                }
            ) {
                Text("Button")
            }

            // Assign reference "text" to the Text composable
            // and constrain it to the bottom of the Button composable
            Text("Android", Modifier.constrainAs(text) {
                top.linkTo(button.bottom, margin = 16.dp)
            })
        }
    }

    @Preview
    @Composable
    fun  ConstraintLayoutSample(){
            ConstraintLayout(
                modifier = Modifier
                    .width(400.dp)
                    .height(300.dp)
                    .padding(10.dp)
            ) {
                // Create references for the composables to constrain
                val (button, text) = createRefs()
                Button(
                    onClick = { },
                    // Assign reference "button" to the Button composable
                    // and constrain it to the top of the ConstraintLayout
                    modifier = Modifier.constrainAs(button) {
                        top.linkTo(parent.top, margin = 6.dp)
                    }
                ) {
                    Text("Button")
                }

                // Assign reference "text" to the Text composable
                // and constrain it to the bottom of the Button composable
                Text("Android", Modifier.constrainAs(text) {
                    top.linkTo(button.bottom, margin = 6.dp)
                })
                val (portraitImageRef, usernameTextRef, desTextRef) = remember { createRefs() }
                Image(
                    painter = painterResource(id = R.mipmap.avatar),
                    contentDescription = stringResource(R.string.description),
                    contentScale = ContentScale.Crop,
                    modifier = Modifier
                        .constrainAs(portraitImageRef)
                        {
                            top.linkTo(parent.top)
                            bottom.linkTo(parent.bottom)
                        }
                        .size(100.dp))
                Text(text = "Compose 技术爱好者Compose 技术爱好者Compose 技术爱好者Compose 技术爱好者Compose 技术爱好者Compose ",
                    fontSize = 14.sp,
                    maxLines = 1,
                    textAlign = TextAlign.Center,
                    overflow = TextOverflow.Ellipsis,//1行显示不下时是否显示。。。
                    modifier = Modifier.constrainAs(usernameTextRef) {
                        top.linkTo(portraitImageRef.top)
                        start.linkTo(portraitImageRef.end, 10.dp)
                        end.linkTo(parent.end, 10.dp)
                        width = Dimension.preferredWrapContent
                    })
                Text(text = "我的个人描述...",
                    fontSize = 14.sp,
                    color = Color.Red,
                    fontWeight = FontWeight.Light,
                    modifier = Modifier.constrainAs(desTextRef) {
                        top.linkTo(usernameTextRef.bottom, 5.dp)
                        start.linkTo(portraitImageRef.end, 10.dp)
                    }
                )
        }
    }

    @Preview
    @Composable
    fun GuidelineSample(){
            ConstraintLayout(
                modifier = Modifier
                    .fillMaxSize()
                    .padding(10.dp)
                    .background(Color.White)
            ) {
                val topGuideline = createGuidelineFromTop(0.2f)
                var (userPortraitBackgroundRef, userPortraitImgRef, welcomeRef, quotesRef) = remember { createRefs() }
                Box(
                    modifier = Modifier
                        .background(Color.Green)
                        .constrainAs(userPortraitBackgroundRef) {
                            top.linkTo(parent.top)
                            bottom.linkTo(topGuideline)
                            height = Dimension.fillToConstraints
                            width = Dimension.matchParent
                        }
                )
                Image(
                    painter = painterResource(id = R.mipmap.avatar),
                    contentDescription = stringResource(R.string.description),
                    contentScale = ContentScale.Crop,
                    modifier = Modifier
                        .constrainAs(userPortraitImgRef)
                        {
                            top.linkTo(topGuideline)
                            bottom.linkTo(topGuideline)
                            start.linkTo(parent.start)
                            end.linkTo(parent.end)
                        }
                        .size(100.dp)
                        .clip(CircleShape)
                        .border(width = 2.dp, color = Color.Red, shape = CircleShape)
                )
                Text(text = "Compose 技术爱好者Compose 技术爱好者Compose 技术爱好者Compose 技术爱好者Compose 技术爱好者Compose ",
                    fontSize = 24.sp,
                    maxLines = 1,
                    textAlign = TextAlign.Center,
                    overflow = TextOverflow.Ellipsis,//1行显示不下时是否显示。。。
                    modifier = Modifier.constrainAs(welcomeRef) {
                        top.linkTo(userPortraitImgRef.bottom, 30.dp)
                        start.linkTo(parent.start)
                        end.linkTo(parent.end)
                        width = Dimension.preferredWrapContent
                    }
                )
            }
    }

    @Preview
    @Composable
    fun InputFieldLayoutDemo() {
        ConstraintLayout(
            modifier = Modifier
                .width(400.dp)
                .height(100.dp)
                .padding(10.dp)
        ) {
            val (usernameTextRef, passwordTextRef, usernameInputRef, passWordInputRef, dividerRef) = remember { createRefs() }
            var barrier = createEndBarrier(usernameTextRef, passwordTextRef)
            Text(
                text = "用户名",
                fontSize = 14.sp,
                textAlign = TextAlign.Left,
                modifier = Modifier
                    .constrainAs(usernameTextRef) {
                        top.linkTo(parent.top)
                        start.linkTo(parent.start)
                    }
            )
            Divider(
                Modifier
                    .fillMaxWidth()
                    .constrainAs(dividerRef) {
                        top.linkTo(usernameTextRef.bottom)
                        bottom.linkTo(passwordTextRef.top)
                    })
            Text(
                text = "密码",
                fontSize = 14.sp,
                modifier = Modifier
                    .constrainAs(passwordTextRef) {
                        top.linkTo(usernameTextRef.bottom, 19.dp)
                        start.linkTo(parent.start)
                    }
            )
            OutlinedTextField(
                value = "",
                onValueChange = {},
                modifier = Modifier.constrainAs(usernameInputRef) {
                    start.linkTo(barrier, 10.dp)
                    top.linkTo(usernameTextRef.top)
                    bottom.linkTo(usernameTextRef.bottom)
                    height = Dimension.fillToConstraints
                }
            )
            OutlinedTextField(
                value = "",
                onValueChange = {},
                modifier = Modifier.constrainAs(passWordInputRef) {
                    start.linkTo(barrier, 10.dp)
                    top.linkTo(passwordTextRef.top)
                    bottom.linkTo(passwordTextRef.bottom)
                    height = Dimension.fillToConstraints
                }
            )
        }
    }


    /**
     *  Chain链接约束,Compose提供了ChainStyle
     *  1.Spread:链条中美国元素均分整个parent空间
     *  2.SpreadInside:
     *  3.Packed:
     */
    @Preview
    @Composable
    fun ChainDemo() {
        ConstraintLayout(
            modifier = Modifier
                .fillMaxSize()
                .background(Color.Gray)
        ) {
            val (quotesFirstLineRef, quotesSecondLineRef, quotesThirdLineRef, quotesForthLineRef) = remember { createRefs() }
            createVerticalChain(quotesFirstLineRef, quotesSecondLineRef, quotesThirdLineRef, quotesForthLineRef,
                chainStyle = ChainStyle.Packed)
            Text(
                text = "寄蜉蝣于天地，",
                color = Color.White,
                fontSize = 30.sp,
                fontWeight = FontWeight.Bold,
                modifier = Modifier.constrainAs(quotesFirstLineRef) {
                    start.linkTo(parent.start)
                    end.linkTo(parent.end)
                }
            )
            Text(
                text = "渺沧海之一粟。",
                color = Color.White,
                fontSize = 30.sp,
                fontWeight = FontWeight.Bold,
                modifier = Modifier.constrainAs(quotesSecondLineRef) {
                    start.linkTo(parent.start)
                    end.linkTo(parent.end)
                }
            )

            Text(
                text = "哀吾生之须臾，",
                color = Color.White,
                fontSize = 30.sp,
                fontWeight = FontWeight.Bold,
                modifier = Modifier.constrainAs(quotesThirdLineRef) {
                    start.linkTo(parent.start)
                    end.linkTo(parent.end)
                }
            )
            Text(
                text = "羡长江之无穷。",
                color = Color.White,
                fontSize = 30.sp,
                fontWeight = FontWeight.Bold,
                modifier = Modifier.constrainAs(quotesForthLineRef) {
                    start.linkTo(parent.start)
                    end.linkTo(parent.end)
                }
            )
        }
    }
}

15.完整效果预览如下：