python IDLE的使用

1、修改默认主题：代码配色及语法高亮

（1）首先找到python的主题配置文件config-highlight.cfg，没有就创建一个：
Linux系统下的路径为：<用户目录>/.idlerc/
winxp下路径为：C:\Documents and Settings\<用户名>\.idlerc\
win7下路径为：C:\Users\<用户名>\.idlerc\

（2）再编辑一下，这里提供几个主题：

[Obsidian]
definition-foreground = #678CB1
error-foreground = #FF0000
string-background = #293134
keyword-foreground = #93C763
normal-foreground = #E0E2E4
comment-background = #293134
hit-foreground = #E0E2E4
builtin-background = #293134
stdout-foreground = #678CB1
cursor-foreground = #E0E2E4
break-background = #293134
comment-foreground = #66747B
hilite-background = #2F393C
hilite-foreground = #E0E2E4
definition-background = #293134
stderr-background = #293134
hit-background = #000000
console-foreground = #E0E2E4
normal-background = #293134
builtin-foreground = #E0E2E4
stdout-background = #293134
console-background = #293134
stderr-foreground = #FB0000
keyword-background = #293134
string-foreground = #EC7600
break-foreground = #E0E2E4
error-background = #293134

[tango]
definition-foreground = #fce94f
error-foreground = #fa8072
string-background = #2e3436
keyword-foreground = #8cc4ff
normal-foreground = #ffffff
comment-background = #2e3436
hit-foreground = #ffffff
break-foreground = #000000
builtin-background = #2e3436
stdout-foreground = #eeeeec
cursor-foreground = #fce94f
hit-background = #2e3436
comment-foreground = #73d216
hilite-background = #edd400
definition-background = #2e3436
stderr-background = #2e3436
break-background = #2e3436
console-foreground = #87ceeb
normal-background = #2e3436
builtin-foreground = #ad7fa8
stdout-background = #2e3436
console-background = #2e3436
stderr-foreground = #ff3e40
keyword-background = #2e3436
string-foreground = #e9b96e
hilite-foreground = #2e3436
error-background = #2e3436

[blackboard]
keyword-background = #0C1021
definition-foreground = #D63A1B
error-foreground = #ff0000
string-background = #0C1021
keyword-foreground = #FBDE2D
hilite-foreground = #000000
comment-background = #0C1021
hit-foreground = #ffffff
builtin-background = #0C1021
stdout-foreground = #eeeeee
cursor-foreground = #ffcc00
break-background = #ffff55
comment-foreground = #505050
hilite-background = gray
definition-background = #0C1021
stderr-background = #0C1021
hit-background = #0C1021
console-foreground = #87ceeb
normal-background = #0C1021
builtin-foreground = #fd9902
stdout-background = #0C1021
console-background = #0C1021
stderr-foreground = #ff3e40
normal-foreground = #F8F8F8
string-foreground = #61CE3C
break-foreground = black
error-background = #000000

[twilight]
keyword-background = #141414
definition-foreground = #c86428
error-foreground = #ff0000
string-background = #141414
keyword-foreground = #c2964b
hilite-foreground = #00ffff
comment-background = #141414
hit-foreground = #ffffff
builtin-background = #141414
stdout-foreground = #eeeeee
cursor-foreground = #ffcc00
break-background = #ffff55
comment-foreground = #524d53
hilite-background = #0000a0
definition-background = #141414
stderr-background = #141414
hit-background = #141414
console-foreground = #87ceeb
normal-background = #141414
builtin-foreground = #ce3e24
stdout-background = #141414
console-background = #141414
stderr-foreground = #ff3e40
normal-foreground = #FFFFFF
string-foreground = #61CE3C
break-foreground = black
error-background = #000000

[desert]
keyword-background = #333333
definition-foreground = #98fb98
error-foreground = #ff0000
string-background = #333333
keyword-foreground = #cc6600
hilite-foreground = #000000
comment-background = #333333
hit-foreground = #ffffff
builtin-background = #333333
stdout-foreground = #eeeeee
cursor-foreground = #ffcc00
break-background = #ffff55
comment-foreground = #87ceeb
hilite-background = gray
definition-background = #333333
stderr-background = #333333
hit-background = #333333
console-foreground = #87ceeb
normal-background = #333333
builtin-foreground = #519e51
stdout-background = #333333
console-background = #333333
stderr-foreground = #ff3e40
normal-foreground = #f0e68c
string-foreground = #ffa0a0
break-foreground = black
error-background = #000000

[cobalt]
keyword-background = #001B33
definition-foreground = #FFDD11
error-foreground = #ff0000
string-background = #001B33
keyword-foreground = #FF7222
hilite-foreground = #00ffff
comment-background = #001B33
hit-foreground = #ffffff
builtin-background = #001B33
stdout-foreground = #eeeeee
cursor-foreground = #ffcc00
break-background = #ffff55
comment-foreground = #007699
hilite-background = #0000a0
definition-background = #001B33
stderr-background = #001B33
hit-background = #001B33
console-foreground = #87ceeb
normal-background = #001B33
builtin-foreground = #D40E36
stdout-background = #001B33
console-background = #001B33
stderr-foreground = #ff3e40
normal-foreground = #F8F8F8
string-foreground = #61CE3C
break-foreground = black
error-background = #000000

（3）最后在IDLE里面设置：

2、快捷键

我觉得主要就是一个代码补全，一个自动完成。

（1）自动完成（expand-word）是指用编辑器内已经写过的代码来补全当前代码。在菜单“Edit”中选择“Expand Word”，也可以在菜单“Options”的“Keys”中修改快捷键（默认快捷键是Alt+/）。

（2）代码补全（force-open-completions）是指当前变量的某个函数或者属性值的补全。在菜单“Edit”中选择“Show Completions”，也可以在菜单“Options”的选项“Keys”中修改快捷键（默认快捷键是Ctrl+Space），但是这个默认快捷键与输入法冲突所以用不了。

一种解决办法是修改快捷键：在菜单“Options”的选项“Keys”中找到“force-open-completions”，修改之（我发现不能修改为Tab按键）。

另外一种简单的解决办法就是在代码文件前面加上如下代码，加了之后Tab按键就能用于代码补全了，加上原先的Alt+/能够用于自动完成，所以写起代码来特别方便。

import rlcompleter, readline
readline.parse_and_bind('tab: complete')

注意代码补全时space为选定，而不是Enter！

（3）其他常用按键：

ALT+P：对历史命令进行上翻页（history-previous）
ALT+N：对历史命令进行下翻页（history-next）
Ctrl+C：中断执行（interrupt-execution）
Tab：智能缩进（smart-indent）
Ctrl+]：整体增加缩进（indent-region）
Ctrl+[：整体减少缩进（dedent-region）
Alt+3：整体加注释（comment-region）
Alt+4：整体去注释（uncomment-region）

3、调试

（1）在“Python Shell”窗口中单击“Debug”菜单中的“Debugger”菜单项，就可以启动IDLE的交互式调试器。这时IDLE会打开“Debug Control”窗口，并在“Python Shell”窗口中输出“[DEBUG ON]”并后跟一个“>>>”提示符。

（2）按F5执行python代码，此时我们可以在“Debug Control”窗口查看局部变量和全局变量等有关内容；同时也

可以在“Python Shell”窗口中输入命令（等于在调试器中执行）。

（3）“Debug Control”窗口上面的调试按键和VS差不多：Go-继续执行完，Step-步入，Over-步过，Out-跳出，Quit-退出调试。

（4）如果要退出调试器，可以再次单击“Debug”菜单中的“Debugger”菜单项，IDLE会关闭“Debug Control”窗口，并在“Python Shell”窗口中输出“[DEBUG OFF]”。