黑马程序员_学习笔记第16天——Map集合

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1、Map集合：该集合存储键值对，一对一对往里存，而且要保证键的唯一性。

添加：put(K  key,  V  value)      putAll(Map<? extends K ,  ? extends V>  m)

删除：clear()     remove(Object key)

判断：containsValue(Object  value)     containsKey(Object  key)    isEmpty()

获取：get(Object  key)    size()    values()    entrySet()     keySet()

2、Map

-->Hashtable ：底层是哈希表数据结构，不可以存入null键null值，该集合是线程同步的。jdk1.0 效率低

-->HashMap：底层是哈希表数据结构，允许使用null键和null值，该集合是不同步的。jdk1.2 效率高

-->TreeMap：底层是二叉树数据结构，线程不同步。可以用于给map集合中的键进行排序。

和Set集合很像，其实Set集合底层就是用了Map集合。

3、添加元素，如果出现添加是相同的键，那么后添加的值将覆盖原来的值，并返回原来被覆盖的值。

4、HashMap中如果调用get（）方法时，返回值为null，则不一定不存在这个键，因为有可能其值就是空。

5、map集合的两种取出方式：

Set<k>keyset：将map中所有的键存入到Set集合中，因为set集合具备迭代器，所以可以迭代器方法取出所有的键，再根据get方法，获取每一个键对应的值。

Map集合的取出原理：将map集合转成set集合，再通过迭代器取出。

Map<String,String> map = new HashMap<String ,String>();
		map.put("02", "zhangsan2");
		map.put("03", "zhangsan3");
		map.put("01", "zhangsan1");
		map.put("04", "zhangsan4");		
		//先获取map集合的所有键的Set集合，keySet（）
		Set<String> keyset = map.keySet();
		Iterator<String> it = keyset.iterator();
		while(it.hasNext()) {
			String key = it.next();
			String value = map.get(key);
			System.out.println("key:"+key+";value:"+value);
		}

Set<Map.Entry<k,v>>entrySet：将map集合中的映射关系存入到了set集合中，而这个关系的数据类型就是Map.Entry。

interface Map {
	public static interface Entry {
		public abstract Object getKey();
		public abstract Object getValue();
	}
}
class HashMap implements Map {
	class Haha implements Map.Entry {
		public Object getKey(){}
		public Object getValue(){}
	}
}

6、练习

public class MapTest1 {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		Map<Student , String> map = new HashMap<Student,String>();
		map.put(new Student("lisi1",12), "beijing");
		map.put(new Student("lisi2",16), "shanghai");
		map.put(new Student("lisi3",14), "nanjing");
		map.put(new Student("lisi4",13), "wuhan");
/*
		Set<Student> keyset = map.keySet();
		Iterator<Student> it = keyset.iterator();
		
		while(it.hasNext()) {
			Student key = it.next();
			String value = map.get(key);
			System.out.println(key+"="+value);
		}
		*/
		Set<Map.Entry<Student,String>> entryset = map.entrySet();
		Iterator<Map.Entry<Student,String>> it = entryset.iterator();
		while(it.hasNext()){
			Map.Entry<Student,String> me = it.next();
			Student stu = me.getKey();
			String addr = me.getValue();
			System.out.println(stu+"="+addr);
		}
		
	}

}
class Student implements Comparable<Student> {
	private String name ;
	private int age;
	Student(String name , int age ){
		this.name = name ;
		this.age = age;
	}
	public int compareTo(Student s){
		int num = new Integer(this.age).compareTo(new Integer(s.age));
		if(num==0)
			return this.name.compareTo(s.name);
		return num;
	}
	public int hashCode(){
		return name.hashCode()+age*34;
	}
	public boolean equals(Object obj) {
		if(!(obj instanceof Student))
			throw new ClassCastException("类型不匹配");
		Student s = (Student)obj;
		return this.name.equals(s.name)&&this.age==s.age;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}
	public String toString() {
		return getName() + "...." +getAge();
	}
}

public class TreeMapTest {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		TreeMap<Student, String> tm = new TreeMap<Student,String>(new StuNameComparator());
		tm.put(new Student("lisi1",12), "beijing");
		tm.put(new Student("lisi2",16), "shanghai");
		tm.put(new Student("lisi3",14), "nanjing");
		tm.put(new Student("lisi4",13), "wuhan");
		
		Set<Map.Entry<Student,String>> entryset = tm.entrySet();
		Iterator<Map.Entry<Student,String>> it = entryset.iterator();
		while(it.hasNext()) {
			Map.Entry<Student,String> me = it.next();
			Student stu = me.getKey();
			String addr = me.getValue();
			System.out.println(stu+":::"+addr);
		}
	}
}
class StuNameComparator implements Comparator<Student> {
	public int compare(Student s1,Student s2) {
		int num = s1.getName().compareTo(s2.getName());
		if (num==0)
			return new Integer(s1.getAge()).compareTo(new Integer(s2.getAge()));
		return num;
		
	}
}

7、什么时候使用map集合？

当数据之间存在映射关系时，就要先想map集合。

8、练习

//"sdfgzxcvasdfxcvdf"获取该字符串中的字母出现的次数，打印形式为：a(1)c(2)...
public class MapTest2 {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		String s = charCount("sdfgzxc=vas-dfx+cvdf");
		System.out.println(s);
	}
	public static String charCount(String str) {
		char[] chs = str.toCharArray();
		TreeMap<Character,Integer> tm = new TreeMap<Character,Integer>();
		int count = 0;
		for(int x=0;x<chs.length;x++) {
			if(!(chs[x]>='a'&&chs[x]<='z'||chs[x]>='A'&&chs[x]<='Z'))
				continue;
			Integer value = tm.get(chs[x]);
			if(value!=null)
				count = value;
			count++;
			tm.put(chs[x],count);
			count = 0;
			/*
			if(value==null)
				tm.put(chs[x], 1);
			else {
				value++;
				tm.put(chs[x], value);
			}
				*/
		}
		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
		Set<Character> keyset = tm.keySet();
		Iterator<Character> it = keyset.iterator();
		while(it.hasNext()) {
			Character c = it.next();
			Integer i = tm.get(c);
			sb.append(c+"("+i+")");
		}
		return sb.toString();
	}

}

public class MapTest3 {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
/*
		HashMap<String,HashMap<String,String>> school = new HashMap<String,HashMap<String,String>>();
		
		HashMap<String,String> yure = new HashMap<String,String>();
		
		HashMap<String,String> jiuye = new HashMap<String,String>();
		
		school.put("yurejiaoshi", yure);
		school.put("jiuyejiaoshi", jiuye);
		
		yure.put("01", "zhangsan");
		yure.put("02", "lisi");
		
		jiuye.put("01","wangwu");
		jiuye.put("02", "zhaoliu");
		
		getStudentInfo(yure);

		
		
	}
	public static void getStudentInfo(HashMap<String,String>roomMap) {
		Iterator<String> it = roomMap.keySet().iterator();
		while(it.hasNext()) {
			String id = it.next();
			String name = roomMap.get(id);
			System.out.println(id+"::"+name);
		}*/
		demo();
	}

		public static void demo() {
			HashMap<String,List<Student2>> school = new HashMap<String,List<Student2>>();

			List<Student2> reyu = new ArrayList<Student2>();
			List<Student2> yejiu = new ArrayList<Student2>();
			
			reyu.add(new Student2("01","zhangsan"));
			reyu.add(new Student2("02", "lisi"));
			
			yejiu.add(new Student2("01","wangwu"));
			yejiu.add(new Student2("02", "zhaoliu"));
			
			school.put("reyujiaoshi", reyu);
			school.put("yejiujiaoshi", yejiu);
			
			Iterator<String> it = school.keySet().iterator();
			while(it.hasNext()) {
				String jiaoshi = it.next();
				List<Student2> room = school.get(jiaoshi);
				System.out.println(jiaoshi);
				getInfos(room);
			}
		}
		public static void getInfos(List<Student2> list) {
			Iterator<Student2> it = list.iterator();
			while(it.hasNext()) {
				Student2 s = it.next();
				System.out.println(s);
			}
		}
		
}
class Student2 {
	private String id ;
	private String name;
	Student2(String id , String name) {
		this.id = id;
		this.name = name;
	}
	public String toString() {
		return name+":"+id;
	}
}
/*class MapDemo2 {
	public static void demo() {
		HashMap<String,List<Student>> school = new HashMap<String,List<Student>>();
		List<Student> reyu = new ArrayList<Student>();
		List<Student> yejiu = new ArrayList<Student>();
		
		reyu.add(new Student("01","zhangsan"));
		reyu.add(new Student("02", "lisi"));
		
		yejiu.add(new Student("01","wangwu"));
		yejiu.add(new Student("02", "zhaoliu"));
		
		Iterator<String> it = school.keySet().iterator();
		while(it.hasNext()) {
			String jiaoshi = it.next();
			List<Student> room = school.get(jiaoshi);
			System.out.println(jiaoshi);
			getStudentInfo(room);
		}
	}
	public static void getStudentInfo(List<Student> list) {
		Iterator<Student> it = list.iterator();
		while(it.hasNext()) {
			Student s = it.next();System.out.println(s);
		}
	}

	
}*/

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