树莓派Raspberry命令行配置无线网络连接

扫描WIFI

扫描指令：     sudo iwlist wlan0 scan

扫描结果：

wlan0     Scan completed :
          Cell 01 - Address: B8:F8:83:35:38:CA
                    Channel:1
                    Frequency:2.412 GHz (Channel 1)
                    Quality=45/70  Signal level=-65 dBm  
                    Encryption key:on
                    ESSID:"lichen"
                    Bit Rates:1 Mb/s; 2 Mb/s; 5.5 Mb/s; 11 Mb/s; 6 Mb/s
                              9 Mb/s; 12 Mb/s; 18 Mb/s
                    Bit Rates:24 Mb/s; 36 Mb/s; 48 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s
                    Mode:Master
                    Extra:tsf=0000000000000000
                    Extra: Last beacon: 60ms ago
                    IE: Unknown: 00066C696368656E
                    IE: Unknown: 010882848B960C121824
                    IE: Unknown: 030101
                    IE: Unknown: 050400010000
                    IE: Unknown: 0706434E20010D20
                    IE: Unknown: 2A0100
                    IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1
                        Group Cipher : CCMP
                        Pairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMP
                        Authentication Suites (1) : PSK
                    IE: Unknown: 32043048606C
                    IE: Unknown: 2D1A6E101BFFFFFF0000000000000000008000000000000000000000
                    IE: Unknown: 3D1601050500000000000000000000000000000000000000
                    IE: WPA Version 1
                        Group Cipher : CCMP
                        Pairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMP
                        Authentication Suites (1) : PSK
                    IE: Unknown: DD180050F2020101010003A4000027A4000042435E0062322F00
                    IE: Unknown: DD0900037F01010000FF7F
          Cell 02 - Address: 34:D7:12:A2:A2:46
                    Channel:8
                    Frequency:2.447 GHz (Channel 8)
                    Quality=51/70  Signal level=-59 dBm  
                    Encryption key:on
                    ESSID:"Smartisan personal hotspot"
                    Bit Rates:1 Mb/s; 2 Mb/s; 5.5 Mb/s; 11 Mb/s
                    Bit Rates:6 Mb/s; 9 Mb/s; 12 Mb/s; 18 Mb/s; 24 Mb/s
                              36 Mb/s; 48 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s
                    Mode:Master
                    Extra:tsf=0000000000000000
                    Extra: Last beacon: 60ms ago
                    IE: Unknown: 001A536D6172746973616E20706572736F6E616C20686F7473706F74
                    IE: Unknown: 010482848B96
                    IE: Unknown: 030108
                    IE: Unknown: 3B0E515153547374757677787D7E7F80
                    IE: Unknown: 2A0100
                    IE: Unknown: 32080C1218243048606C
                    IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1
                        Group Cipher : CCMP
                        Pairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMP
                        Authentication Suites (1) : PSK
                    IE: Unknown: 2D1A2D0113FF00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                    IE: Unknown: 3D1608000400000000000000000000000000000000000000
                    IE: Unknown: DD180050F2020101810003A4000027A4000042435E0062322F00
                    IE: Unknown: BF0C12F18033FEFF8601FEFF8601
                    IE: Unknown: C005000000FAFF
                    IE: Unknown: 7F080400000000000040
          Cell 03 - Address: 74:05:A5:10:77:84
                    Channel:11
                    Frequency:2.462 GHz (Channel 11)
                    Quality=44/70  Signal level=-66 dBm  
                    Encryption key:on
                    ESSID:"TP-LINK_7784"
                    Bit Rates:1 Mb/s; 2 Mb/s; 5.5 Mb/s; 11 Mb/s; 9 Mb/s
                              18 Mb/s; 36 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s
                    Bit Rates:6 Mb/s; 12 Mb/s; 24 Mb/s; 48 Mb/s
                    Mode:Master
                    Extra:tsf=0000000000000000
                    Extra: Last beacon: 60ms ago
                    IE: Unknown: 000C54502D4C494E4B5F37373834
                    IE: Unknown: 010882848B961224486C
                    IE: Unknown: 03010B
                    IE: Unknown: 2A0104
                    IE: Unknown: 32040C183060
                    IE: Unknown: 2D1AEE1117FFFF000001000000000000000000000000000000000000
                    IE: Unknown: 3D160B070400000000000000000000000000000000000000
                    IE: Unknown: 46057200000000
                    IE: WPA Version 1
                        Group Cipher : CCMP
                        Pairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMP
                        Authentication Suites (1) : PSK
                    IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1
                        Group Cipher : CCMP
                        Pairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMP
                        Authentication Suites (1) : PSK
                    IE: Unknown: 7F080000080000000000
                    IE: Unknown: 0B05010000127A
                    IE: Unknown: DD180050F2020101000003A4000027A4000042435E0062322F00
                    IE: Unknown: 4A0E14000A002C01C800140005001900
                    IE: Unknown: 0706434E20010D10
                    IE: Unknown: DD07000C4303000000

这里的“ESSID”是无线网的名称。IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1是加密的方式，加密的类型是WPA2类型。

添加有密码的WIFI网络

通过配置wpa_supplicant.conf可以设置要连接的无线网。

sudo vim /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf

在文件末尾出添加一下代码，并替换掉ssid_name以及password即可。

network={
        ssid="ssid_name"
        key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
        psk="password"
}

通过

ifconfig wlan0

可以查看IP地址是否分配成功

添加没有密码的WIFI网络

添加没有密码的WIFI网络需要注意将key_mgmt设置为NONE

network={
        ssid="ssid_name"
        key_mgmt=NONE
}

错误的调试

如果出现连接不成功的情况，有很大的可能是由于配置文件配置错误的原因。

sudo wpa_supplicant -c /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf  -i wlan0

通过wpa_supplicant的直接连接，如果配置文件出现问题，则会直接提示配置文件的错误详情。

如果出现一下结果，则一般代表配置文件没有问题

Successfully initialized wpa_supplicant
nl80211: Driver does not support authentication/association or connect commands
wlan0: Failed to initialize driver interface