NSTimer循环引用的解决方案

在使用NSTimer，如果使用不得当特别会引起循环引用，造成内存泄露。下面我提出几种解决NSTimer的几种循环引用

产生原因

当你在ViewController(简称VC)中使用timer属性，由于VC强引用timer，timer的target又是VC造成循环引用。当你在VC的dealloc方法中销毁timer，发现VC被pop，VC的dealloc方法没走，VC在等timer释放才走dealloc，timer释放在dealloc中，所以引起循环引用。

解决方案

• 在ViewController执行dealloc前释放timer
• 对定时器NSTimer封装
• 苹果系统API可以解决（iOS10以上）
• 使用block进行解决
• 使用NSProxy进行解决

在ViewController执行dealloc前释放timer

可以在viewWillAppear中创建timer,可以在viewWillDisappear中销毁timer

对定时器NSTimer封装

代码如下

//PFTimer.h文件
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@interface PFTimer : NSObject

//开启定时器
- (void)startTimer;

//暂停定时器
- (void)stopTimer;
@end

//PFTimer.m文件
#import "PFTimer.h"

@implementation PFTimer {
    
    NSTimer *_timer;
}

- (void)stopTimer{
    
    if (_timer == nil) {
        return;
    }
    [_timer invalidate];
    _timer = nil;
}


- (void)startTimer{
    
    _timer = [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:1.0 target:self selector:@selector(work) userInfo:nil repeats:YES];
}

- (void)work{
    
    NSLog(@"正在计时中。。。。。。");
}

- (void)dealloc{
    
   NSLog(@"%s",__func__);
    [_timer invalidate];
    _timer = nil;
}

@end


//VC.m
#import "ViewController1.h"
#import "PFTimer.h"

@interface ViewController1 ()

@property (nonatomic, strong) PFTimer *timer;

@end

@implementation ViewController1

- (void)viewWillDisappear:(BOOL)animated {
    
    [super viewWillDisappear:animated];
}

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    self.title = @"VC1";
    self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor];
    
    //自定义timer
    PFTimer *timer = [[PFTimer alloc] init];
    self.timer = timer;
    [timer startTimer];
}

- (void)dealloc {
   
    [self.timer stopTimer];
    NSLog(@"%s",__func__);
}

// 运行结果
-[ViewController1 dealloc]
-[PFTimer dealloc]

这个方式主要就是让PFTimer强引用NSTimer，NSTimer强引用PFTimer,避免让NSTimer强引用ViewController，这样就不会引起循环引用，然后在dealloc方法中执行NSTimer的销毁，相对的PFTimer也会进行销毁了。

苹果系统API可以解决（iOS10以上）

在iOS 10.0以后，苹果官方新增了关于NSTimer的三个API：

+ (NSTimer *)timerWithTimeInterval:(NSTimeInterval)interval repeats:
(BOOL)repeats block:(void (^)(NSTimer *timer))block 
API_AVAILABLE(macosx(10.12), ios(10.0), watchos(3.0), tvos(10.0));

+ (NSTimer *)scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:(NSTimeInterval)interval repeats:
(BOOL)repeats block:(void (^)(NSTimer *timer))block 
API_AVAILABLE(macosx(10.12), ios(10.0), watchos(3.0), tvos(10.0));

- (instancetype)initWithFireDate:(NSDate *)date interval:
(NSTimeInterval)interval repeats:(BOOL)repeats block:(void (^)(NSTimer *timer))block 
API_AVAILABLE(macosx(10.12), ios(10.0), watchos(3.0), tvos(10.0));

这三个方法都有一个Block的回调方法。关于block参数，官方文档有说明：

the timer itself is passed as the parameter to this block when executed
to aid in avoiding cyclical references。
翻译过来就是说，定时器在执行时，将自身作为参数传递给block，来帮助避免循环引用。使用很简单，但是要注意两点：1.避免block的循环引用，使用__weak和__strong来避免,2.在持用NSTimer对象的类的方法中-(void)dealloc调用NSTimer 的- (void)invalidate方法；

使用block进行解决

通过创建一个NSTimer的category名字为PFSafeTimer，在NSTimer+PFSafeTimer.h代码如下：

//NSTimer+PFSafeTimer.h
@interface NSTimer (PFSafeTimer)
+ (NSTimer *)PF_ScheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:(NSTimeInterval)timeInterval block:
(void(^)(void))block repeats:(BOOL)repeats;
@end

//NSTimer+PFSafeTimer.m
#import "NSTimer+PFSafeTimer.h"
@implementation NSTimer (PFSafeTimer)

+ (NSTimer *)PF_ScheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:(NSTimeInterval)timeInterval block:(void(^)(void))block repeats:(BOOL)repeats {
    
    return [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:timeInterval target:self selector:@selector(handle:) userInfo:[block copy] repeats:repeats];
}

+ (void)handle:(NSTimer *)timer {
    
    void(^block)(void) = timer.userInfo;
    if (block) {
        block();
    }
}
@end

//TimeViewController.m
#import "TimerViewController.h"
#import "NSTimer+PFSafeTimer.h"
@interface TimerViewController ()
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSTimer *timer1;
@end

@implementation TimerViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor];
}

- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet<UITouch *> *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
{

    [self setupTimer];
   
}
- (void)setupTimer {
       __weak typeof(self) weakSelf = self;
        self.timer1 = [NSTimer PF_ScheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:1.0 block:^{
           
            __strong typeof(self) strongSelf = weakSelf;
            [strongSelf timerHandle];
            
        } repeats:YES];
}
//定时触发的事件
- (void)timerHandle {
     NSLog(@"正在计时中。。。。。。");
}

- (void)dealloc {
    NSLog(@"%s",__func__);
}

@end

该方案主要要点：将计时器所应执行的任务封装成"Block"，在调用计时器函数时，把block作为userInfo参数传进去。userInfo参数用来存放"不透明值"，只要计时器有效，就会一直保留它。在传入参数时要通过copy方法，将block拷贝到"堆区"，否则等到稍后要执行它的时候，该blcok可能已经无效了。计时器现在的target是NSTimer类对象，这是个单例，因此计时器是否会保留它，其实都无所谓。此处依然有保留环，然而因为类对象（class object）无需回收，所以不用担心。

如果在block里面直接调用self，还是会保留环的。因为block对self强引用，self对timer强引用，timer又通过userInfo参数保留block（强引用block），这样就构成一个环block->self->timer->userinfo->block,所以要打破这个环的话要在block里面弱引用self。

使用NSProxy来解决循环引用(2种方案OC&Swift)

Swift

class WeakProxy: NSObject {
    
    weak var target: NSObjectProtocol?
    init(target: NSObjectProtocol) {
        self.target = target
        super.init()
    }
    override func responds(to aSelector: Selector!) -> Bool {
        return (target?.responds(to: aSelector) ?? false) || super.responds(to: aSelector)
    }
    override func forwardingTarget(for aSelector: Selector!) -> Any? {
        return target
    }
}

class FPSLabel: UILabel {
    var link:CADisplayLink!
    //记录方法执行次数
    var count: Int = 0
    //记录上次方法执行的时间，通过link.timestamp - _lastTime计算时间间隔
    var lastTime: TimeInterval = 0
    var _font: UIFont!
    var _subFont: UIFont!
    
    fileprivate let defaultSize = CGSize(width: 55,height: 20)
    
    override init(frame: CGRect) {
        super.init(frame: frame)
        if frame.size.width == 0 && frame.size.height == 0 {
            self.frame.size = defaultSize
        }
        self.layer.cornerRadius = 5
        self.clipsToBounds = true
        self.textAlignment = NSTextAlignment.center
        self.isUserInteractionEnabled = false
        self.backgroundColor = UIColor.white.withAlphaComponent(0.7)
        
        _font = UIFont(name: "Menlo", size: 14)
        if _font != nil {
            _subFont = UIFont(name: "Menlo", size: 4)
        }else{
            _font = UIFont(name: "Courier", size: 14)
            _subFont = UIFont(name: "Courier", size: 4)
        }
        
        
        link = CADisplayLink(target: WeakProxy.init(target: self), selector: #selector(FPSLabel.tick(link:)))
        link.add(to: RunLoop.main, forMode: .commonModes)
    }
    
    //CADisplayLink 刷新执行的方法
    @objc func tick(link: CADisplayLink) {
        
        guard lastTime != 0 else {
            lastTime = link.timestamp
            return
        }
        
        count += 1
        let timePassed = link.timestamp - lastTime
        
        //时间大于等于1秒计算一次，也就是FPSLabel刷新的间隔，不希望太频繁刷新
        guard timePassed >= 1 else {
            return
        }
        lastTime = link.timestamp
        let fps = Double(count) / timePassed
        count = 0
        
        let progress = fps / 60.0
        let color = UIColor(hue: CGFloat(0.27 * (progress - 0.2)), saturation: 1, brightness: 0.9, alpha: 1)
        
        let text = NSMutableAttributedString(string: "\(Int(round(fps))) FPS")
        text.addAttribute(NSAttributedStringKey.foregroundColor, value: color, range: NSRange(location: 0, length: text.length - 3))
        text.addAttribute(NSAttributedStringKey.foregroundColor, value: UIColor.white, range: NSRange(location: text.length - 3, length: 3))
        text.addAttribute(NSAttributedStringKey.font, value: _font, range: NSRange(location: 0, length: text.length))
        text.addAttribute(NSAttributedStringKey.font, value: _subFont, range: NSRange(location: text.length - 4, length: 1))
        self.attributedText = text
    }
    
    // 把displaylin从Runloop modes中移除
    deinit {
        link.invalidate()
    }
    
    required init?(coder aDecoder: NSCoder) {
        fatalError("init(coder:) has not been implemented")
    }
    
}

OC

//PFProxy.h
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@interface PFProxy : NSProxy
//通过创建对象
- (instancetype)initWithObjc:(id)object;
//通过类方法创建创建
+ (instancetype)proxyWithObjc:(id)object;
@end

//PFProxy.m
#import "PFProxy.h"

@interface PFProxy()

@property (nonatomic, weak) id object;

@end
@implementation PFProxy

- (instancetype)initWithObjc:(id)object {
    
    self.object = object;
    return self;
}

+ (instancetype)proxyWithObjc:(id)object {
    
    return [[self alloc] initWithObjc:object];
}

- (void)forwardInvocation:(NSInvocation *)invocation {
    
    if ([self.object respondsToSelector:invocation.selector]) {
        
        [invocation invokeWithTarget:self.object];
    }
}

- (NSMethodSignature *)methodSignatureForSelector:(SEL)sel {
    
    return [self.object methodSignatureForSelector:sel];
}
@end

// VC.m
#import "ViewController1.h"
#import "PFProxy.h"

@interface ViewController1 ()

//使用NSProxy
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSTimer *timer2;

@end

@implementation ViewController1

- (void)viewWillDisappear:(BOOL)animated {
    
    [super viewWillDisappear:animated];
}

- (void)viewDidLoad {

    [super viewDidLoad];
    self.title = @"VC1";
    self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor];
    
    PFProxy *proxy = [[PFProxy alloc] initWithObjc:self];
    self.timer2 = [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:1.0 target:proxy selector:@selector(timerHandle) userInfo:nil repeats:YES];
}

//定时触发的事件
- (void)timerHandle {
    
     NSLog(@"正在计时中。。。。。。");
}

- (void)dealloc {
   
    [self.timer2 invalidate];
    self.timer2 = nil;
    NSLog(@"%s",__func__);
}

@end
通过PFProxy这个伪基类（相当于ViewController1的复制类），避免直接让timer和viewController造成循环。

iOS之NSTimer循环引用的解决方案