Android蓝牙开发实例解析（转载）

最近在研究蓝牙通讯这一块，刚好看到了这篇博文，特转载来学习。
原文地址：Android开发网
转载的代码排版真差。大家想学习可以看原帖。
后续学习完后，有时间的话把自己的代码贴上来并写一个详细的文章。

1、使用蓝牙的响应权限

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH"/>      
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN"/>  

2、配置本机蓝牙模块
在这里首先要了解对蓝牙操作一个核心类BluetoothAdapter。

BluetoothAdapter adapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();

//直接打开系统的蓝牙设置面板
Intent intent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
startActivityForResult(intent, 0x1);

//直接打开蓝牙            
adapter.enable();       

//关闭蓝牙         
adapter.disable();

//打开本机的蓝牙发现功能（默认打开120秒，可以将时间最多延长至300秒）            
Intent discoveryIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE);            
discoverableIntent.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION, 300);//设置持续时间（最多300秒）  

3、搜索蓝牙设备
使用BluetoothAdapter的startDiscovery()方法来搜索蓝牙设备。
startDiscovery()方法是一个异步方法，调用后会立即返回。该方法会进行对其他蓝牙设备的搜索，该过程会持续12秒。该方法调用后，搜索过程实际上是在一个System Service中进行的，所以可以调用cancelDiscovery()方法来停止搜索（该方法可以在未执行discovery请求时调用）。
请求Discovery后，系统开始搜索蓝牙设备，在这个过程中，系统会发送以下三个广播：

   ACTION_DISCOVERY_START：开始搜索
   ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED：搜索结束
   ACTION_FOUND：找到设备，这个Intent中包含两个extra fields：EXTRA_DEVICE和EXTRA_CLASS，分别包含BluetooDevice和BluetoothClass。

我们可以自己注册相应的BroadcastReceiver来接收响应的广播，以便实现某些功能。

// 创建一个接收ACTION_FOUND广播的BroadcastReceiver       
private final BroadcastReceiver mReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {       

    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {       

        String action = intent.getAction();       

        // 发现设备       
        if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)) {       

            // 从Intent中获取设备对象       
            BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);       

            // 将设备名称和地址放入array adapter，以便在ListView中显示       
            mArrayAdapter.add(device.getName() + "\n" + device.getAddress());        
        }        
    }        
};       

// 注册BroadcastReceiver       
IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);       

registerReceiver(mReceiver, filter); // 不要忘了之后解除绑定   

4、蓝牙Socket通信
如果打算建议两个蓝牙设备之间的连接，则必须实现服务器端与客户端的机制。当两个设备在同一个RFCOMM channel下分别拥有一个连接的BluetoothSocket，这两个设备才可以说是建立了连接。

服务器设备与客户端设备获取BluetoothSocket的途径是不同的。服务器设备是通过accepted一个incoming connection来获取的，而客户端设备则是通过打开一个到服务器的RFCOMM channel来获取的。

服务器端的实现
通过调用BluetoothAdapter的listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(String, UUID)方法来获取BluetoothServerSocket（UUID用于客户端与服务器端之间的配对）。

调用BluetoothServerSocket的accept()方法监听连接请求，如果收到请求，则返回一个BluetoothSocket实例（此方法为block方法，应置于新线程中）。

如果不想在accept其他的连接，则调用BluetoothServerSocket的close()方法释放资源（调用该方法后，之前获得的BluetoothSocket实例并没有close。但由于RFCOMM一个时刻只允许在一条channel中有一个连接，则一般在accept一个连接后，便close掉BluetoothServerSocket）。

  private class AcceptThread extends Thread {       

    private final BluetoothServerSocket mmServerSocket;        

    public AcceptThread() {       

        // Use a temporary object that is later assigned to mmServerSocket,       

        // because mmServerSocket is final       

        BluetoothServerSocket tmp = null;       

        try {       

            // MY_UUID is the app's UUID string, also used by the client code        
            tmp = mBluetoothAdapter.listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(NAME, MY_UUID);       
        } catch (IOException e) { }        
        mmServerSocket = tmp;        
    }       

    public void run() {        
        BluetoothSocket socket = null;       

        // Keep listening until exception occurs or a socket is returned       

        while (true) {        
            try {        
                socket = mmServerSocket.accept();       
            } catch (IOException e) {        
                break;       
            }       

            // If a connection was accepted        
            if (socket != null) {      
                // Do work to manage the connection (in a separate thread)       
                manageConnectedSocket(socket);        
                mmServerSocket.close();        
                break;       
            }       
        }        
    }         

    /** Will cancel the listening socket, and cause the thread to finish */        
    public void cancel() {        
        try {        
            mmServerSocket.close();        
        } catch (IOException e) { }        
    }        
}  

* 客户端的实现*

private class ConnectThread extends Thread {    
    private final BluetoothSocket mmSocket;       

    private final BluetoothDevice mmDevice;       



    public ConnectThread(BluetoothDevice device) {       

        // Use a temporary object that is later assigned to mmSocket,       

        // because mmSocket is final       

        BluetoothSocket tmp = null;       

        mmDevice = device;       



        // Get a BluetoothSocket to connect with the given BluetoothDevice       

        try {       

            // MY_UUID is the app's UUID string, also used by the server code       
            tmp = device.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(MY_UUID);       
        } catch (IOException e) { }        
        mmSocket = tmp;       
    }       



    public void run() {       
        // Cancel discovery because it will slow down the connection        
        mBluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery();       
        try {        
            // Connect the device through the socket. This will block        
            // until it succeeds or throws an exception        
            mmSocket.connect();        
        } catch (IOException connectException) {       

            // Unable to connect; close the socket and get out        
            try {        
                mmSocket.close();       
            } catch (IOException closeException) { }       
             return;       
        }       

          // Do work to manage the connection (in a separate thread)        
        manageConnectedSocket(mmSocket);        
    }        

    /** Will cancel an in-progress connection, and close the socket */       
     public void cancel() {       
        try {        
            mmSocket.close();       

        } catch (IOException e) { }       
     }        
}   

* 5、连接管理（数据通信）*
分别通过BluetoothSocket的getInputStream()和getOutputStream()方法获取InputStream和OutputStream。

   使用read(bytes[])和write(bytes[])方法分别进行读写操作。

   注意：read(bytes[])方法会一直block，知道从流中读取到信息，而write(bytes[])方法并不是经常的block（比如在另一设备没有及时read或者中间缓冲区已满的情况下，write方法会block）。

private class ConnectedThread extends Thread {       

    private final BluetoothSocket mmSocket;       

    private final InputStream mmInStream;       

    private final OutputStream mmOutStream;       



    public ConnectedThread(BluetoothSocket socket) {       

        mmSocket = socket;       

        InputStream tmpIn = null;       

        OutputStream tmpOut = null;       



        // Get the input and output streams, using temp objects because       

        // member streams are final       

        try {       

            tmpIn = socket.getInputStream();       

            tmpOut = socket.getOutputStream();       

        } catch (IOException e) { }       



        mmInStream = tmpIn;       

        mmOutStream = tmpOut;       

    }       



    public void run() {       

        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];  // buffer store for the stream       

        int bytes; // bytes returned from read()       



        // Keep listening to the InputStream until an exception occurs       

        while (true) {       

            try {       

                // Read from the InputStream       

                bytes = mmInStream.read(buffer);       

                // Send the obtained bytes to the UI Activity       

                mHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_READ, bytes, -1, buffer)       

                        .sendToTarget();       

            } catch (IOException e) {       

                break;       

            }       

        }       

    }       



    /* Call this from the main Activity to send data to the remote device */       

    public void write(byte[] bytes) {       

        try {       

            mmOutStream.write(bytes);       

        } catch (IOException e) { }       

    }       



    /* Call this from the main Activity to shutdown the connection */       

    public void cancel() {       

        try {       

            mmSocket.close();       

        } catch (IOException e) { }       

    }       

}