一:背景
拿平时在公司的请假申请来说,你的申请会一级一级的向上传递给各层的领导,当然,每个领导的审批权限也不同,有的1天,有的5天,还有一个月的,那这种场景下如何用代码来完成表示呢?一般我们会想到使用if/else来分别判断各个领导和申请的假期天数,但这样耦合太高了,拓展性也差,想变更审批的流程也得改代码;这种情况下,责任链模式就很好的解决了我们的问题。
二:概述
1,定义
使多个对象都有机会处理请求,从而避免请求的发送者和接收者之间的耦合关系。将这个对象连成一条链,并沿着这条链传递该请求,指导有一个对象处理它为止。
2,类图结构
三:实例分析
下面举一个请假审批的示例
看代码更加直观
要传递的请假申请request:
public class Request {
private String requestType;
private String requestContent;
public String getRequestType() {
return requestType;
}
public void setRequestType(String requestType) {
this.requestType = requestType;
}
public String getRequestContent() {
return requestContent;
}
public void setRequestContent(String requestContent) {
this.requestContent = requestContent;
}
}
审批人,即领导抽象类manager:
public abstract class Manager {
protected String name;
//管理者上级
protected Manager superior;
public Manager(String name){
this.name = name;
}
public void setSuperior(Manager superior){
this.superior = superior;
}
//请求
abstract public void requestApplications(Request request);
}
具体责任人,经理commonManager:
public class CommonManager extends Manager {
public CommonManager(String name) {
super(name);
}
@Override
public void requestApplications(Request request) {
if (request.getRequestType().equals("请假") && Integer.valueOf(request.getRequestContent()) <=2 ){
System.out.println("请假"+request.getRequestContent()+"天被批准");
}else{
if (superior != null){
superior.requestApplications(request);
}
}
}
}
总监Majordomo:
public class Majordomo extends Manager{
public Majordomo(String name) {
super(name);
}
@Override
public void requestApplications(Request request) {
if (request.getRequestType().equals("请假") && Integer.valueOf(request.getRequestContent()) <=5 ){
System.out.println("请假"+request.getRequestContent()+"天被批准");
}else{
if (superior != null){
superior.requestApplications(request);
}
}
}
}
总经理(老大了):
public class GeneralManager extends Manager {
public GeneralManager(String name) {
super(name);
}
@Override
public void requestApplications(Request request) {
if (request.getRequestType().equals("请假")){
System.out.println("请假"+request.getRequestContent()+"天被批准");
}else{
System.out.println("其他别找我");
}
}
}
来看我们的客户端如何灵活的使用责任链:
CommonManager jinli = new CommonManager("经理");
Majordomo zongjian = new Majordomo("总监");
GeneralManager zongjingli = new GeneralManager("总经理");
//设置责任链,根据需求进行变更
jinli.setSuperior(zongjian);
zongjian.setSuperior(zongjingli);
Request req = new Request();
req.setRequestType("请假");
req.setRequestContent("4");
jinli.requestApplications(req);
参考书籍:《大话设计模式》