查找方法

参考：http://www.cnblogs.com/aiyelinglong/archive/2012/03/27/2419972.html

顺序查找（略）

折半查找

//关键码有序

int Binary_Search(int *a,int n,int key)
{
	int low,high,mid;
	low = 0;                 //定义最低下标为记录首位
	high = n - 1;                //定义最高下标为记录末位

	while (low <= high)
	{
		mid = (low+high) / 2;
		
		if (key < a[mid])
			high = mid - 1;
		else if (key > a[mid])
			low = mid + 1;
		else
			return mid;
	}

	return 0;
}

插值查找

//关键码有序

int Binary_Search(int *a,int n,int key)
{
	int low,high,mid;
	low = 0;                 //定义最低下标为记录首位
	high = n - 1;                //定义最高下标为记录末位

	while (low <= high)
	{
		mid = low + (high-low)*(key-a[low])/(a[high]-a[low]);
		
		if (key < a[mid])
			high = mid - 1;
		else if (key > a[mid])
			low = mid + 1;
		else
			return mid;
	}

	return 0;
}

二叉排序树查找

typedef struct node
{
    int val;
    struct node lchild;
    struct node rchild;
}*pnode;

pnode BT = NULL;

LEN = sizeof(struct node);


//递归方法插入节点 
pnode insert(pnode root, int x)
{
    pnode p = (pnode)malloc(LEN);
    p->val = x;
    p->lchild = NULL;
    p->rchild = NULL;
    if(root == NULL){
        root = p;    
    }    
    else if(x < root->val){
        root->lchild = insert(root->lchild, x);    
    }
    else{
        root->rchild = insert(root->rchild, x);    
    }
    return root;
}

//非递归方法插入节点 
void insert_BST(pnode q, int x)
{
    pnode p = (pnode)malloc(LEN);
    p->val = x;
    p->lchild = NULL;
    p->rchild = NULL;
    if(q == NULL){
        BT = p;
        return ;    
    }        
    while(q->lchild != p && q->rchild != p){
        if(x < q->val){
            if(q->lchild){
                q = q->lchild;    
            }    
            else{
                q->lchild = p;
            }        
        }    
        else{
            if(q->rchild){
                q = q->rchild;    
            }    
            else{
                q->rchild = p;    
            }
        }
    }
    return;
}

pnode search_BST(pnode p, int x)
{
    bool solve = false;
    while(p && !solve){
        if(x == p->val){
            solve = true;    
        }    
        else if(x < p->val){
            p = p->lchild;    
        }
        else{
            p = p->rchild;    
        }
    }
    if(p == NULL){
        cout << "没有找到" << x << endl;    
    } 
    return p;
}

bool delete_BST(pnode p, int x) //返回一个标志，表示是否找到被删元素 
{
    bool find = false;
    pnode q;
    p = BT;
    while(p && !find){  //寻找被删元素 
        if(x == p->val){  //找到被删元素 
            find = true;    
        }    
        else if(x < p->val){ //沿左子树找 
            q = p;
            p = p->lchild;    
        }
        else{   //沿右子树找 
            q = p;
            p = p->rchild;    
        }
    }
    if(p == NULL){   //没找到 
        cout << "没有找到" << x << endl;    
    }
    
    if(p->lchild == NULL && p->rchild == NULL){  //p为叶子节点 
        if(p == BT){  //p为根节点 
            BT = NULL;    
        }
        else if(q->lchild == p){   
            q->lchild = NULL;
        }        
        else{
            q->rchild = NULL;    
        }
        free(p);  //释放节点p 
    }
    else if(p->lchild == NULL || p->rchild == NULL){ //p为单支子树 
        if(p == BT){  //p为根节点 
            if(p->lchild == NULL){
                BT = p->rchild;    
            }    
            else{
                BT = p->lchild;    
            }
        }    
        else{
            if(q->lchild == p && p->lchild){ //p是q的左子树且p有左子树 
                q->lchild = p->lchild;    //将p的左子树链接到q的左指针上 
            }    
            else if(q->lchild == p && p->rchild){
                q->lchild = p->rchild;    
            }
            else if(q->rchild == p && p->lchild){
                q->rchild = p->lchild;    
            }
            else{
                q->rchild = p->rchild;
            }
        }
        free(p);
    }
    else{ //p的左右子树均不为空 
        pnode t = p;
        pnode s = p->lchild;  //从p的左子节点开始 
        while(s->rchild){  //找到p的前驱，即p左子树中值最大的节点 
            t = s;   
            s = s->rchild;    
        }
        p->val = s->val;   //把节点s的值赋给p 
        if(t == p){
            p->lchild = s->lchild;    
        }    
        else{
            t->rchild = s->lchild;    
        }
        free(s); 
    }
    return find;
}