数理统计——生物统计学的数学基础

Population Mean:if a population contains N entities whose measures are x1,x2, … xN, the arithmetic mean is given by
Sample Mean: if a sample collected from apopulation contains n observations: x1, x2, … xn, the sample mean is given by
Population or sample median (M or   ) is defined as the observation  whose depthis d = (N+1)/2 or d = (n+1)/2:

Range: the difference between the largest and smallest observationsin a group of data;
Variance: average of squared deviates of each observation from mean of observations in a group of data.



It is easy to show that and







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