一、简介
Apache Dubbo 是一个高性能、基于 Java 的开源 RPC 框架。大家可以通过访问官网(http://dubbo.apache.org/)查看快速入门指南和文档。
dubbo的特点具有:基于透明接口的RPC、智能负载均衡、自动服务注册和发现、高扩展性、运行时流量路由、可视化服务治理。架构图如下:
二、实战
1、项目说明
项目将采用springcloud框架,nacos作为注册中心(可参考文章《SpringCloudAlibaba学习系列(1)Nacos入门》),服务间调用采用dubbo的RPC调用。
目录结构预览如下:
引用的版本为:
Spring Cloud Version | Spring Cloud Alibaba Version | Spring Boot Version |
Spring Cloud Hoxton.SR8 | 2.2.3.RELEASE | 2.3.2.RELEASE |
magic-cloud父项目的pom.xml文件如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.3.2.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/>
</parent>
<groupId>com.sam.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>magic-cloud</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>magic-cloud</name>
<modules>
<module>magic-provider</module>
<module>magic-consumer</module>
<module>magic-provider-api</module>
</modules>
<properties>
<project.version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</project.version>
<provider.api.version>1.0.0</provider.api.version>
<spring-boot.version>2.3.2.RELEASE</spring-boot.version>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Hoxton.SR8</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>2.2.3.RELEASE</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.sam.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>magic-provider-api</artifactId>
<version>${provider.api.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
</project>
2、接口项目magic-provider-api
子项目api作为公共引用包,定义了dubbo需要注册的接口,用于服务提供者和服务消费者的项目引入,保持版本的一致性。实际应用中会将这个api打包成jar包,上传到公司仓库中。
项目结构预览如下:
2.1、pom.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>magic-cloud</artifactId>
<groupId>com.sam.cloud</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>magic-provider-api</artifactId>
<name>magic-provider-api</name>
<version>${provider.api.version}</version>
<dependencies>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
<finalName>magic-provider-api</finalName>
</build>
</project>
2.2、创建注册接口类MagicProviderFacade.java
package com.sam.cloud.provider.api.facade;
import com.sam.cloud.provider.api.domain.UserDTO;
public interface MagicProviderFacade {
public UserDTO queryUser(String name);
}
这个接口用于根据名称,获取用户信息
2.3、创建用户信息返回类UserDTO.java
package com.sam.cloud.provider.api.domain;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class UserDTO implements Serializable {
private Integer userId;
private String name;
private Long age;
public Integer getUserId() {
return userId;
}
public void setUserId(Integer userId) {
this.userId = userId;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Long getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Long age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "UserDTO{" +
"userId=" + userId +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
'}';
}
}
注意:这里要继承Serializable序列化接口。
3、提供者项目magic-provider
这个子项目具体实现了magic-provider-api中注册的接口,负责将服务注册到nacos注册中心。
项目结构预览如下:(采用的是springboot的启动方式,在提供dubbo接口服务的同时,还提供web的http请求接口,controller作为测试nacos的配置中心功能,如果不需要可自行去掉)
3.1、pom.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>magic-cloud</artifactId>
<groupId>com.sam.cloud</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>magic-provider</artifactId>
<name>magic-provider</name>
<version>${project.version}</version>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.sam.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>magic-provider-api</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-dubbo</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
<finalName>magic-provider</finalName>
</build>
</project>
这里要引入之前创建的接口项目:magic-provider-api
nacos作为注册中心引入:spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery
nacos作为配置中心引入:spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config
dubbo引入:spring-cloud-starter-dubbo
3.2、配置文件bootstrap.properties
server.port=8082
server.servlet.context-path=/magic/provider
spring.application.name=magic-provider
# nacos配置中心地址,逗号间隔
spring.cloud.nacos.config.server-addr=127.0.0.1:8848
# dubbo配置项
dubbo.application.id=magic-provider-dubbo-id
dubbo.application.name=magic-provider-dubbo-name
dubbo.registry.address=nacos://127.0.0.1:8848
dubbo.protocol.name=dubbo
# 协议端口( -1 表示自增端口,从 20880 开始)
dubbo.protocol.port=20881
dubbo.protocol.id=dubbo
# 如果有订阅服务,这里是填服务提供者的dubbo.application.id
dubbo.cloud.subscribed-services=
# 禁用QOS同一台机器可能会有端口冲突现象,qos=Quality of Service 是Dubbo的在线运维命令,可以对服务进行动态的配置、控制(上下线)及查询
dubbo.application.qos-enable=true
# 默认端口号是22222
dubbo.application.qos-port=22223
# 允许访问的ip,缺省就是false,表示任何ip都可访问
dubbo.application.qos-accept-foreign-ip=true
3.3、注册接口实现类 MagicProviderFacadeImpl.java
package com.sam.cloud.provider.facade;
import com.sam.cloud.provider.api.domain.UserDTO;
import com.sam.cloud.provider.api.facade.MagicProviderFacade;
import org.apache.dubbo.config.annotation.DubboService;
@DubboService(version = "1.0.0", group = "magic", interfaceClass = MagicProviderFacade.class)
public class MagicProviderFacadeImpl implements MagicProviderFacade {
@Override
public UserDTO queryUser(String name) {
UserDTO user = new UserDTO();
user.setUserId(1);
user.setName("sam");
user.setAge(1L);
return user;
}
}
实现类继承了接口类MagicProviderFacade,实现接口queryUser具体业务。
@DubboService注解标注类在启动的时候将会被dubbo扫描到加载到容器中。
3.4、控制类 ConfigController.java
package com.sam.cloud.provider.controller;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.cloud.context.config.annotation.RefreshScope;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/config")
@RefreshScope
public class ConfigController {
@Value("${my.name:haha}")
private String myName;
@GetMapping("/get")
public String get(String msg) {
return "hi, " + msg + ", my name is " + myName;
}
}
在nacos管理页面中,已经配置了好DataId=magic-provider的配置,内容是my.name=Jack;
3.5、启动类 MagicProviderApplication
package com.sam.cloud.provider;
import org.apache.dubbo.config.spring.context.annotation.EnableDubbo;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDubbo
public class MagicProviderApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(MagicProviderApplication.class, args);
}
}
@EnableDubbo注解就是开启dubbo的扫描和注册。
3.6、启动验证
启动后在网页输入地址:http://localhost:8082/magic/provider/config/get?msg=sam
这个测试证明:web服务启动成功,并不会由于引入dubbo产生影响。
我们在看下nacos上的服务注册列表:
可以看到magic-prorvider已经把接口注册到nacos注册中心中。
4、消费者项目magic-consumer
这个子项目将会使用magic-provider-api中注册的接口,调用服务提供者magic-provider的具体实现获取数据。
项目结构预览如下:(采用的是springboot的启动方式,在提供dubbo接口服务的同时,还提供web的http测试接口)
4.1、pom.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>magic-cloud</artifactId>
<groupId>com.sam.cloud</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>magic-consumer</artifactId>
<name>magic-consumer</name>
<version>${project.version}</version>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.sam.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>magic-provider-api</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-dubbo</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
<finalName>magic-consumer</finalName>
</build>
</project>
这里要引入之前创建的接口项目:magic-provider-api
nacos作为注册中心引入:spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery
dubbo引入:spring-cloud-starter-dubbo
4.2、配置bootstrap.properties
server.port=8083
server.servlet.context-path=/magic/consumer
spring.application.name=magic-consumer
# 配置dubbo
dubbo.application.id=magic-consumer-id
dubbo.application.name=magic-consumer-name
dubbo.registry.address=nacos://127.0.0.1:8848
# 只订阅服务,而不注册正在开发的服务,就是项目只作为消费者
dubbo.registry.register=false
# 订阅服务提供方的应用列表,订阅多个服务提供者使用"," 连接,这里是填服务提供者的dubbo.application.id
dubbo.cloud.subscribed-services=magic-provider-dubbo-id
# 禁用QOS同一台机器可能会有端口冲突现象; qos=Quality of Service 是Dubbo的在线运维命令,可以对服务进行动态的配置、控制(上下线)及查询
dubbo.application.qos-enable=true
dubbo.application.qos-port=22224
dubbo.application.qos-accept-foreign-ip=true
4.2、创建UserService.java类
package com.sam.cloud.consumer.service;
import com.sam.cloud.provider.api.facade.MagicProviderFacade;
import org.apache.dubbo.config.annotation.DubboReference;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
@Service
public class UserService {
@DubboReference(version = "1.0.0", check = false, group = "magic")
private MagicProviderFacade magicProviderFacade;
public String getMsg(String name) {
return magicProviderFacade.queryUser(name).toString();
}
}
@DubboReference注解标注的会被描述加载到容器,进行初始化,生成代理类。
这里就通过远程调用MagicProviderFacade的queryUser方法获取用户信息。
4.3、控制器类 ConsumerController.java
package com.sam.cloud.consumer.controller;
import com.sam.cloud.consumer.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/test")
public class ConsumerController {
@Resource
private UserService userService;
@GetMapping(value = "/dubbo")
public String testHello(String name) {
return "consumer : " + userService.getMsg(name);
}
}
4.4、启动类
package com.sam.cloud.consumer;
import org.apache.dubbo.config.spring.context.annotation.EnableDubbo;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDubbo
public class MagicConsumerApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(MagicConsumerApplication.class, args);
}
}
使用@EnableDubbo开启dubbo的扫描注册。
4.5、启动验证
启动后在网页输入地址:http://localhost:8083/magic/consumer/test/dubbo?name=sam
从这里可以知道,调用服务magic-provider的接口已经成功获取到用户的信息。
再看下nacos管理页面中的订阅者:
到此,我们已经成功进行了SpringCloud中集成dubbo