Result | Notes | |
---|---|---|
len(a) | the number of items in a 得到字典中元素的个数 | |
a[k] | the item of a with key k 取得键K所对应的值 | (1), (10) |
a[k] = v | set a[k] to v 设定键k所对应的值成为v | |
del a[k] | remove a[k] from a 从字典中删除键为k的元素 | (1) |
a.clear() | remove all items from a 清空整个字典 | |
a.copy() | a (shallow) copy of a 得到字典副本 | |
k in a | True if a has a key k, else False 字典中存在键k则为返回True,没有则返回False | (2) |
k not in a | Equivalent to not k in a 字典中不存在键k则为返回true,反之返回False | (2) |
a.has_key(k) | Equivalent to k in a, use that form in new code 等价于k in a | |
a.items() | a copy of a's list of (key, value) pairs 得到一个键,值的list | (3) |
a.keys() | a copy of a's list of keys 得到键的list | (3) |
a.update([b]) | updates (and overwrites) key/value pairs from b从b字典中更新a字典,如果键相同则更新,a中不存在则追加 | (9) |
a.fromkeys(seq[, value]) | Creates a new dictionary with keys from seq and values set to value | (7) |
a.values() | a copy of a's list of values | (3) |
a.get(k[, x]) | a[k] if k in a , else x | (4) |
a.setdefault(k[, x]) | a[k] if k in a , else x (also setting it) | (5) |
a.pop(k[, x]) | a[k] if k in a , else x (and remove k) | (8) |
a.popitem() | remove and return an arbitrary (key, value) pair | (6) |
a.iteritems() | return an iterator over (key, value) pairs | (2), (3) |
a.iterkeys() | return an iterator over the mapping's keys | (2), (3) |
a.itervalues() | return an iterator over the mapping's values | (2), (3) |
#字典的添加、删除、修改操作
dict = {"a" : "apple", "b" : "banana", "g" : "grape", "o" : "orange"}
dict["w"] = "watermelon"
del(dict["a"])
dict["g"] = "grapefruit"
print dict.pop("b")
print dict
dict.clear()
print dict
#字典的遍历
dict = {"a" : "apple", "b" : "banana", "g" : "grape", "o" : "orange"}
for k in dict:
print "dict[%s] =" % k,dict[k]
#字典items()的使用
dict = {"a" : "apple", "b" : "banana", "c" : "grape", "d" : "orange"}
#每个元素是一个key和value组成的元组,以列表的方式输出
print dict.items()
#调用items()实现字典的遍历
dict = {"a" : "apple", "b" : "banana", "g" : "grape", "o" : "orange"}
for (k, v) in dict.items():
print "dict[%s] =" % k, v
#调用iteritems()实现字典的遍历
dict = {"a" : "apple", "b" : "banana", "c" : "grape", "d" : "orange"}
print dict.iteritems()
for k, v in dict.iteritems():
print "dict[%s] =" % k, v
for (k, v) in zip(dict.iterkeys(), dict.itervalues()):
print "dict[%s] =" % k, v
#使用列表、字典作为字典的值
dict = {"a" : ("apple",), "bo" : {"b" : "banana", "o" : "orange"}, "g" : ["grape","grapefruit"]}
print dict["a"]
print dict["a"][0]
print dict["bo"]
print dict["bo"]["o"]
print dict["g"]
print dict["g"][1]
dict = {"a" : "apple", "b" : "banana", "c" : "grape", "d" : "orange"}
#输出key的列表
print dict.keys()
#输出value的列表
print dict.values()
#每个元素是一个key和value组成的元组,以列表的方式输出
print dict.items()
dict = {"a" : "apple", "b" : "banana", "c" : "grape", "d" : "orange"}
it = dict.iteritems()
print it
#字典中元素的获取方法
dict = {"a" : "apple", "b" : "banana", "c" : "grape", "d" : "orange"}
print dict
print dict.get("c", "apple")
print dict.get("e", "apple")
#get()的等价语句
D = {"key1" : "value1", "key2" : "value2"}
if "key1" in D:
print D["key1"]
else:
print "None"
#字典的更新
dict = {"a" : "apple", "b" : "banana"}
print dict
dict2 = {"c" : "grape", "d" : "orange"}
dict.update(dict2)
print dict
#udpate()的等价语句
D = {"key1" : "value1", "key2" : "value2"}
E = {"key3" : "value3", "key4" : "value4"}
for k in E:
D[k] = E[k]
print D
#字典E中含有字典D中的key
D = {"key1" : "value1", "key2" : "value2"}
E = {"key2" : "value3", "key4" : "value4"}
for k in E:
D[k] = E[k]
print D
#设置默认值
dict = {}
dict.setdefault("a")
print dict
dict["a"] = "apple"
dict.setdefault("a","default")
print dict
#调用sorted()排序
dict = {"a" : "apple", "b" : "grape", "c" : "orange", "d" : "banana"}
print dict
#按照key排序
print sorted(dict.items(), key=lambda d: d[0])
#按照value排序
print sorted(dict.items(), key=lambda d: d[1])
#字典的浅拷贝
dict = {"a" : "apple", "b" : "grape"}
dict2 = {"c" : "orange", "d" : "banana"}
dict2 = dict.copy()
print dict2
#字典的深拷贝
import copy
dict = {"a" : "apple", "b" : {"g" : "grape","o" : "orange"}}
dict2 = copy.deepcopy(dict)
dict3 = copy.copy(dict)
dict2["b"]["g"] = "orange"
print dict
dict3["b"]["g"] = "orange"
print dict