在数字图象处理相关工程中,我们经常设计各种方法处理图像,比如变换,锐化,分割等等,从面向对象的角度出发,设计一个合适的图像处理基类,从基类继承拓展便于维护和设计,下面的图像处理类类名为ImageDib,以BMP文件为基础,实现了图像的信息存储以及显示基本操作。
头文件:
// ImageDib.h: interface for the ImageDib class.
//
//
#if !defined(AFX_IMAGEDIB_H__4FC00616_753D_4313_8CAE_4B5E8ED02544__INCLUDED_)
#define AFX_IMAGEDIB_H__4FC00616_753D_4313_8CAE_4B5E8ED02544__INCLUDED_
#if _MSC_VER > 1000
#pragma once
#endif // _MSC_VER > 1000
class ImageDib
{
//成员变量
public:
unsigned char * m_pImgData; //图像数据指针
LPRGBQUAD m_lpColorTable; //图像颜色表指针
int m_nBitCount; //每像素占的位数
private:
LPBYTE m_lpDib; //指向DIB的指针
HPALETTE m_hPalette; //逻辑调色板句柄
int m_nColorTableLength; //颜色表长度(多少个表项)
public:
int m_imgWidth; //图像的宽,像素为单位
int m_imgHeight; //图像的高,像素为单位
LPBITMAPINFOHEADER m_lpBmpInfoHead; //图像信息头指针
//成员函数
public:
ImageDib(); //构造函数
ImageDib(CSize size, int nBitCount, LPRGBQUAD lpColorTable,
unsigned char *pImgData); //带参数的构造函数
~ImageDib(); //析构函数
BOOL Read(LPCTSTR lpszPathName); //DIB读函数
BOOL Write(LPCTSTR lpszPathName); //DIB写函数
int ComputeColorTabalLength(int nBitCount); //计算颜色表的长度
BOOL Draw(CDC* pDC, CPoint origin, CSize size); //图像绘制
CSize GetDimensions(); //读取图像维数
void ReplaceDib(CSize size, int nBitCount, LPRGBQUAD lpColorTable,
unsigned char *pImgData); //用新的数据替换DIB
private:
void MakePalette(); //创建逻辑调色板
void Empty(); //清理空间
};
#endif // !defined(AFX_IMAGEDIB_H__4FC00616_753D_4313_8CAE_4B5E8ED02544__INCLUDED_)
源文件:
// ImageDib.cpp: implementation of the ImageDib class.
//
//
#include "stdafx.h"
#include "ImageDib.h"
#ifdef _DEBUG
#undef THIS_FILE
static char THIS_FILE[]=__FILE__;
#define new DEBUG_NEW
#endif
//
// Construction/Destruction
//
ImageDib::ImageDib()
{
m_lpDib=NULL;//初始化m_lpDib为空。
m_lpColorTable=NULL; //颜色表指针为空
m_pImgData=NULL; //图像数据指针为空
m_lpBmpInfoHead=NULL; //图像信息头指针为空
m_hPalette = NULL; //调色板为空
}
ImageDib::~ImageDib()
{
//释放m_lpDib所指向的内存缓冲区
if(m_lpDib != NULL)
delete [] m_lpDib;
//如果有调色板,释放调色板缓冲区
if(m_hPalette != NULL)
::DeleteObject(m_hPalette);
}
ImageDib::ImageDib(CSize size, int nBitCount, LPRGBQUAD lpColorTable,
unsigned char *pImgData)
{
//如果没有位图数据传入,我们认为是空的DIB,此时不分配DIB内存
if(pImgData==NULL){
m_lpDib=NULL;
m_lpColorTable=NULL;
m_pImgData=NULL; // 图像数据
m_lpBmpInfoHead=NULL; // 图像信息头
m_hPalette = NULL;
}
else{//如果有位图数据传入
//图像的宽、高、每像素位数等成员变量赋值
m_imgWidth=size.cx;
m_imgHeight=size.cy;
m_nBitCount=nBitCount;
//根据每像素位数,计算颜色表长度
m_nColorTableLength=ComputeColorTabalLength(nBitCount);
//每行像素所占字节数,必须扩展成4的倍数
int lineByte=(m_imgWidth*nBitCount/8+3)/4*4;
//位图数据缓冲区的大小(图像大小)
int imgBufSize=m_imgHeight*lineByte;
//为m_lpDib一次性分配内存,生成DIB结构
m_lpDib=new BYTE [sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER) +
sizeof(RGBQUAD) * m_nColorTableLength+imgBufSize];
//填写BITMAPINFOHEADER结构
m_lpBmpInfoHead = (LPBITMAPINFOHEADER) m_lpDib;
m_lpBmpInfoHead->biSize = sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER);
m_lpBmpInfoHead->biWidth = m_imgWidth;
m_lpBmpInfoHead->biHeight = m_imgHeight;
m_lpBmpInfoHead->biPlanes = 1;
m_lpBmpInfoHead->biBitCount = m_nBitCount;
m_lpBmpInfoHead->biCompression = BI_RGB;
m_lpBmpInfoHead->biSizeImage = 0;
m_lpBmpInfoHead->biXPelsPerMeter = 0;
m_lpBmpInfoHead->biYPelsPerMeter = 0;
m_lpBmpInfoHead->biClrUsed = m_nColorTableLength;
m_lpBmpInfoHead->biClrImportant = m_nColorTableLength;
//调色板句柄初始化为空,有颜色表时,MakePalette()函数要生成新的调色板
m_hPalette = NULL;
//如果有颜色表,则将颜色表拷贝进DIB的颜色表位置
if(m_nColorTableLength!=0){
//m_lpColorTable指向DIB颜色表的起始位置
m_lpColorTable=(LPRGBQUAD)(m_lpDib+sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER));
//颜色表拷贝
memcpy(m_lpColorTable,lpColorTable,sizeof(RGBQUAD) * m_nColorTableLength);
//创建逻辑调色板
MakePalette();
}
//m_pImgData指向DIB位图数据起始位置
m_pImgData = (LPBYTE)m_lpDib+sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER)+
sizeof(RGBQUAD) * m_nColorTableLength;
//拷贝图像数据进DIB位图数据区
memcpy(m_pImgData,pImgData,imgBufSize);
}
}
BOOL ImageDib::Read(LPCTSTR lpszPathName)
{
//读模式打开图像文件
CFile file;
if (!file.Open(lpszPathName, CFile::modeRead | CFile::shareDenyWrite))
return FALSE;
BITMAPFILEHEADER bmfh;
//读取BITMAPFILEHEADER结构到变量bmfh中
int nCount=file.Read((LPVOID) &bmfh, sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER));
//为m_lpDib分配空间,读取DIB进内存
if(m_lpDib!=NULL) delete []m_lpDib;
m_lpDib=new BYTE[file.GetLength() -sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER)];
file.Read(m_lpDib, file.GetLength() -sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER));
//m_lpBmpInfoHead位置为m_lpDib起始位置
m_lpBmpInfoHead = (LPBITMAPINFOHEADER)m_lpDib;
//为成员变量赋值
m_imgWidth=m_lpBmpInfoHead->biWidth;
m_imgHeight=m_lpBmpInfoHead->biHeight;
m_nBitCount=m_lpBmpInfoHead->biBitCount;
//计算颜色表长度
m_nColorTableLength= ComputeColorTabalLength(m_lpBmpInfoHead->biBitCount);
//如果有颜色表,则创建逻辑调色板
m_hPalette = NULL;
if(m_nColorTableLength!=0){m_lpColorTable=
(LPRGBQUAD)(m_lpDib+sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER));
MakePalette();
}
//m_pImgData指向DIB的位图数据起始位置
m_pImgData = (LPBYTE)m_lpDib+sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER) +
sizeof(RGBQUAD) * m_nColorTableLength;
return TRUE;
}
BOOL ImageDib::Write(LPCTSTR lpszPathName)
{
//写模式打开文件
CFile file;
if (!file.Open(lpszPathName, CFile::modeCreate | CFile::modeReadWrite
| CFile::shareExclusive))
return FALSE;
//填写文件头结构
BITMAPFILEHEADER bmfh;
bmfh.bfType = 0x4d42; // 'BM'
bmfh.bfSize = 0;
bmfh.bfReserved1 = bmfh.bfReserved2 = 0;
bmfh.bfOffBits = sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER) + sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER) +
sizeof(RGBQUAD) * m_nColorTableLength;
try {
//文件头结构写进文件
file.Write((LPVOID) &bmfh, sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER));
//文件信息头结构写进文件
file.Write(m_lpBmpInfoHead, sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER));
//如果有颜色表的话,颜色表写进文件
if(m_nColorTableLength!=0)
file.Write(m_lpColorTable, sizeof(RGBQUAD) * m_nColorTableLength);
//位图数据写进文件
int imgBufSize=(m_imgWidth*m_nBitCount/8+3)/4*4*m_imgHeight;
file.Write(m_pImgData, imgBufSize);
}
catch(CException* pe) {
pe->Delete();
AfxMessageBox(_T("write error"),MB_OK);
return FALSE;
}
//函数返回
return TRUE;
}
void ImageDib::MakePalette()
{
//如果颜色表长度为0,则不创建逻辑调色板
if(m_nColorTableLength == 0)
return;
//删除旧的逻辑调色板句柄
if(m_hPalette != NULL) ::DeleteObject(m_hPalette);
//申请空间,根据颜色表生成LOGPALETTE结构
LPLOGPALETTE pLogPal = (LPLOGPALETTE) new char[2 * sizeof(WORD) +
m_nColorTableLength * sizeof(PALETTEENTRY)];
pLogPal->palVersion = 0x300;
pLogPal->palNumEntries = m_nColorTableLength;
LPRGBQUAD m_lpDibQuad = (LPRGBQUAD) m_lpColorTable;
for(int i = 0; i < m_nColorTableLength; i++) {
pLogPal->palPalEntry[i].peRed = m_lpDibQuad->rgbRed;
pLogPal->palPalEntry[i].peGreen = m_lpDibQuad->rgbGreen;
pLogPal->palPalEntry[i].peBlue = m_lpDibQuad->rgbBlue;
pLogPal->palPalEntry[i].peFlags = 0;
m_lpDibQuad++;
}
//创建逻辑调色板
m_hPalette = ::CreatePalette(pLogPal);
//释放空间
delete pLogPal;
}
int ImageDib::ComputeColorTabalLength(int nBitCount)
{
int colorTableLength;
switch(nBitCount) {
case 1:
colorTableLength = 2;
break;
case 4:
colorTableLength = 16;
break;
case 8:
colorTableLength = 256;
break;
case 16:
case 24:
case 32:
colorTableLength = 0;
break;
default:
ASSERT(FALSE);
}
ASSERT((colorTableLength >= 0) && (colorTableLength <= 256));
return colorTableLength;
}
BOOL ImageDib::Draw(CDC* pDC, CPoint origin, CSize size)
{
HPALETTE hOldPal=NULL; //旧的调色板句柄
if(m_lpDib == NULL) return FALSE; //如果DIB为空,则返回0
if(m_hPalette != NULL) { //如果DIB有调色板
//将调色板选进设备环境中
hOldPal=::SelectPalette(pDC->GetSafeHdc(), m_hPalette, TRUE);
pDC->RealizePalette();
}
pDC->SetStretchBltMode(COLORONCOLOR); //设置位图伸缩模式
//将DIB在pDC所指向的设备上进行显示
::StretchDIBits(pDC->GetSafeHdc(), origin.x, origin.y, size.cx, size.cy,
0, 0, m_lpBmpInfoHead->biWidth, m_lpBmpInfoHead->biHeight,m_pImgData,
(LPBITMAPINFO) m_lpBmpInfoHead, DIB_RGB_COLORS, SRCCOPY);
if(hOldPal!=NULL) //恢复旧的调色板
::SelectPalette(pDC->GetSafeHdc(), hOldPal, TRUE);
return TRUE;
}
CSize ImageDib::GetDimensions()
{
if(m_lpDib == NULL) return CSize(0, 0);
return CSize(m_imgWidth, m_imgHeight);
}
void ImageDib::Empty()
{
//释放DIB内存缓冲区
if(m_lpDib != NULL) {
delete [] m_lpDib;
m_lpDib=NULL;
m_lpColorTable=NULL;
m_pImgData=NULL;
m_lpBmpInfoHead=NULL;
}
//释放逻辑调色板缓冲区
if(m_hPalette != NULL){
::DeleteObject(m_hPalette);
m_hPalette = NULL;
}
}
void ImageDib::ReplaceDib(CSize size, int nBitCount,
LPRGBQUAD lpColorTable,unsigned char *pImgData)
{
//释放原DIB所占空间
Empty();
//成员变量赋值
m_imgWidth=size.cx;
m_imgHeight=size.cy;
m_nBitCount=nBitCount;
//计算颜色表的长度
m_nColorTableLength=ComputeColorTabalLength(nBitCount);
//每行像素所占字节数,扩展成4的倍数
int lineByte=(m_imgWidth*nBitCount/8+3)/4*4;
//位图数据的大小
int imgBufSize=m_imgHeight*lineByte;
//为m_lpDib重新分配空间,以存放新的DIB
m_lpDib=new BYTE [sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER) +
sizeof(RGBQUAD) * m_nColorTableLength+imgBufSize];
//填写位图信息头BITMAPINFOHEADER结构
m_lpBmpInfoHead = (LPBITMAPINFOHEADER) m_lpDib;
m_lpBmpInfoHead->biSize = sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER);
m_lpBmpInfoHead->biWidth = m_imgWidth;
m_lpBmpInfoHead->biHeight = m_imgHeight;
m_lpBmpInfoHead->biPlanes = 1;
m_lpBmpInfoHead->biBitCount = m_nBitCount;
m_lpBmpInfoHead->biCompression = BI_RGB;
m_lpBmpInfoHead->biSizeImage = 0;
m_lpBmpInfoHead->biXPelsPerMeter = 0;
m_lpBmpInfoHead->biYPelsPerMeter = 0;
m_lpBmpInfoHead->biClrUsed = m_nColorTableLength;
m_lpBmpInfoHead->biClrImportant = m_nColorTableLength;
//调色板置空
m_hPalette = NULL;
//如果有颜色表,则将颜色表拷贝至新生成的DIB,并创建逻辑调色板
if(m_nColorTableLength!=0){
m_lpColorTable=(LPRGBQUAD)(m_lpDib+sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER));
memcpy(m_lpColorTable,lpColorTable,sizeof(RGBQUAD) * m_nColorTableLength);
MakePalette();
}
//m_pImgData指向DIB的位图数据起始位置
m_pImgData = (LPBYTE)m_lpDib+sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER)+
sizeof(RGBQUAD) * m_nColorTableLength;
//将新位图数据拷贝至新的DIB中
memcpy(m_pImgData,pImgData,imgBufSize);
}