linux解析域名

#include<stdio.h> //printf
#include<string.h> //strlen
#include<stdlib.h> //malloc
#include<sys/socket.h> //you know what this is for
#include<arpa/inet.h> //inet_addr , inet_ntoa , ntohs etc
#include<netinet/in.h>
#include<unistd.h> //getpid
//List of DNS Servers registered on the system
char dns_servers[10][100];
int dns_server_count = 0;
//Types of DNS resource records :)
#define T_A 1 //Ipv4 address
#define T_NS 2 //Nameserver
#define T_CNAME 5 // canonical name
#define T_SOA 6 /* start of authority zone */
#define T_PTR 12 /* domain name pointer */
#define T_MX 15 //Mail server
//Function Prototypes
void ngethostbyname (unsigned char* , int);
void ChangetoDnsNameFormat (unsigned char*,unsigned char*);
unsigned char* ReadName (unsigned char*,unsigned char*,int*);
void get_dns_servers();
//DNS header structure
struct DNS_HEADER
{
        unsigned short id; // identification number
        unsigned char rd :1; // recursion desired
        unsigned char tc :1; // truncated message
        unsigned char aa :1; // authoritive answer
        unsigned char opcode :4; // purpose of message
        unsigned char qr :1; // query/response flag
        unsigned char rcode :4; // response code
        unsigned char cd :1; // checking disabled
        unsigned char ad :1; // authenticated data
        unsigned char z :1; // its z! reserved
        unsigned char ra :1; // recursion available
        unsigned short q_count; // number of question entries
        unsigned short ans_count; // number of answer entries
        unsigned short auth_count; // number of authority entries
        unsigned short add_count; // number of resource entries
};
//Constant sized fields of query structure
struct QUESTION
{
        unsigned short qtype;
        unsigned short qclass;
};
//Constant sized fields of the resource record structure
#pragma pack(push, 1)
struct R_DATA
{
        unsigned short type;
        unsigned short _class;
        unsigned int ttl;
        unsigned short data_len;
};
#pragma pack(pop)
//Pointers to resource record contents
struct RES_RECORD
{
        unsigned char *name;
        struct R_DATA *resource;
        unsigned char *rdata;
};
//Structure of a Query
typedef struct
{
        unsigned char *name;
        struct QUESTION *ques;
} QUERY;
int main( int argc , char *argv[])
{
        unsigned char hostname[100];
        //Get the DNS servers from the resolv.conf file
        get_dns_servers();


        //Get the hostname from the terminal
        printf("Enter Hostname to Lookup : ");
        scanf("%s" , hostname);


        //Now get the ip of this hostname , A record
        ngethostbyname(hostname , T_A);
        return 0;
}
/*
 * Perform a DNS query by sending a packet
 * */
void ngethostbyname(unsigned char *host , int query_type)
{
        unsigned char buf[65536],*qname,*reader;
        int i , j , stop , s;
        struct sockaddr_in a;
        struct RES_RECORD answers[20],auth[20],addit[20]; //the replies from the DNS server
        struct sockaddr_in dest;
        struct DNS_HEADER *dns = NULL;
        struct QUESTION *qinfo = NULL;
        printf("Resolving %s" , host);
        s = socket(AF_INET , SOCK_DGRAM , IPPROTO_UDP); //UDP packet for DNS queries
        dest.sin_family = AF_INET;
        dest.sin_port = htons(53);
        dest.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(dns_servers[0]); //dns servers
        //Set the DNS structure to standard queries
        dns = (struct DNS_HEADER *)&buf;
        dns->id = (unsigned short) htons(getpid());
        dns->qr = 0; //This is a query
        dns->opcode = 0; //This is a standard query
        dns->aa = 0; //Not Authoritative
        dns->tc = 0; //This message is not truncated
        dns->rd = 1; //Recursion Desired
        dns->ra = 0; //Recursion not available! hey we dont have it (lol)
        dns->z = 0;
        dns->ad = 0;
        dns->cd = 0;
        dns->rcode = 0;
        dns->q_count = htons(1); //we have only 1 question
        dns->ans_count = 0;
        dns->auth_count = 0;
        dns->add_count = 0;
        //point to the query portion
        qname =(unsigned char*)&buf[sizeof(struct DNS_HEADER)];
        ChangetoDnsNameFormat(qname , host);
        qinfo =(struct QUESTION*)&buf[sizeof(struct DNS_HEADER) + (strlen((const char*)qname) + 1)]; //fill it
        qinfo->qtype = htons( query_type ); //type of the query , A , MX , CNAME , NS etc
        qinfo->qclass = htons(1); //its internet (lol)
        printf("\nSending Packet...");
        if( sendto(s,(char*)buf,sizeof(struct DNS_HEADER) + (strlen((const char*)qname)+1) + sizeof(struct QUESTION),0,(struct sockaddr*)&dest,sizeof(dest)) < 0)
        {
                perror("sendto failed");
        }
        printf("Done");


        //Receive the answer
        i = sizeof dest;
        printf("\nReceiving answer...");
        if(recvfrom (s,(char*)buf , 65536 , 0 , (struct sockaddr*)&dest , (socklen_t*)&i ) < 0)
        {
                perror("recvfrom failed");
        }
        printf("Done");
        dns = (struct DNS_HEADER*) buf;
        //move ahead of the dns header and the query field
        reader = &buf[sizeof(struct DNS_HEADER) + (strlen((const char*)qname)+1) + sizeof(struct QUESTION)];
        printf("\nThe response contains : ");
        printf("\n %d Questions.",ntohs(dns->q_count));
        printf("\n %d Answers.",ntohs(dns->ans_count));
        printf("\n %d Authoritative Servers.",ntohs(dns->auth_count));
        printf("\n %d Additional records.\n\n",ntohs(dns->add_count));
        //Start reading answers
        stop=0;
        for(i=0;i<ntohs(dns->ans_count);i++)
        {
                answers[i].name=ReadName(reader,buf,&stop);
                reader = reader + stop;
                answers[i].resource = (struct R_DATA*)(reader);
                reader = reader + sizeof(struct R_DATA);
                if(ntohs(answers[i].resource->type) == 1) //if its an ipv4 address
                {
                        answers[i].rdata = (unsigned char*)malloc(ntohs(answers[i].resource->data_len));
                        for(j=0 ; j<ntohs(answers[i].resource->data_len) ; j++)
                        {
                                answers[i].rdata[j]=reader[j];
                        }
                        answers[i].rdata[ntohs(answers[i].resource->data_len)] = '\0';
                        reader = reader + ntohs(answers[i].resource->data_len);
                }
                else
                {
                        answers[i].rdata = ReadName(reader,buf,&stop);
                        reader = reader + stop;
                }
        }
        //read authorities
        for(i=0;i<ntohs(dns->auth_count);i++)
        {
                auth[i].name=ReadName(reader,buf,&stop);
                reader+=stop;
                auth[i].resource=(struct R_DATA*)(reader);
                reader+=sizeof(struct R_DATA);
                auth[i].rdata=ReadName(reader,buf,&stop);
                reader+=stop;
        }
        //read additional
        for(i=0;i<ntohs(dns->add_count);i++)
        {
                addit[i].name=ReadName(reader,buf,&stop);
                reader+=stop;
                addit[i].resource=(struct R_DATA*)(reader);
                reader+=sizeof(struct R_DATA);
                if(ntohs(addit[i].resource->type)==1)
                {
                        addit[i].rdata = (unsigned char*)malloc(ntohs(addit[i].resource->data_len));
                        for(j=0;j<ntohs(addit[i].resource->data_len);j++)
                                addit[i].rdata[j]=reader[j];
                        addit[i].rdata[ntohs(addit[i].resource->data_len)]='\0';
                        reader+=ntohs(addit[i].resource->data_len);
                }
                else
                {
                        addit[i].rdata=ReadName(reader,buf,&stop);
                        reader+=stop;
                }
        }
        //print answers
        printf("\nAnswer Records : %d \n" , ntohs(dns->ans_count) );
        for(i=0 ; i < ntohs(dns->ans_count) ; i++)
        {
                printf("Name : %s ",answers[i].name);
                if( ntohs(answers[i].resource->type) == T_A) //IPv4 address
                {
                        long *p;
                        p=(long*)answers[i].rdata;
                        a.sin_addr.s_addr=(*p); //working without ntohl
                        printf("has IPv4 address : %s",inet_ntoa(a.sin_addr));
                }


                if(ntohs(answers[i].resource->type)==5) 
                {
                        //Canonical name for an alias
                        printf("has alias name : %s",answers[i].rdata);
                }
                printf("\n");
        }
        //print authorities
        printf("\nAuthoritive Records : %d \n" , ntohs(dns->auth_count) );
        for( i=0 ; i < ntohs(dns->auth_count) ; i++)
        {


                printf("Name : %s ",auth[i].name);
                if(ntohs(auth[i].resource->type)==2)
                {
                        printf("has nameserver : %s",auth[i].rdata);
                }
                printf("\n");
        }
        //print additional resource records
        printf("\nAdditional Records : %d \n" , ntohs(dns->add_count) );
        for(i=0; i < ntohs(dns->add_count) ; i++)
        {
                printf("Name : %s ",addit[i].name);
                if(ntohs(addit[i].resource->type)==1)
                {
                        long *p;
                        p=(long*)addit[i].rdata;
                        a.sin_addr.s_addr=(*p);
                        printf("has IPv4 address : %s",inet_ntoa(a.sin_addr));
                }
                printf("\n");
        }
        return;
}
/*
 * 
 * */
u_char* ReadName(unsigned char* reader,unsigned char* buffer,int* count)
{
        unsigned char *name;
        unsigned int p=0,jumped=0,offset;
        int i , j;
        *count = 1;
        name = (unsigned char*)malloc(256);
        name[0]='\0';
        //read the names in 3www6google3com format
        while(*reader!=0)
        {
                if(*reader>=192)
                {
                        offset = (*reader)*256 + *(reader+1) - 49152; //49152 = 11000000 00000000 ;)
                        reader = buffer + offset - 1;
                        jumped = 1; //we have jumped to another location so counting wont go up!
                }
                else
                {
                        name[p++]=*reader;
                }
                reader = reader+1;
                if(jumped==0)
                {
                        *count = *count + 1; //if we havent jumped to another location then we can count up
                }
        }
        name[p]='\0'; //string complete
        if(jumped==1)
        {
                *count = *count + 1; //number of steps we actually moved forward in the packet
        }
        //now convert 3www6google3com0 to www.google.com
        for(i=0;i<(int)strlen((const char*)name);i++) 
        {
                p=name[i];
                for(j=0;j<(int)p;j++) 
                {
                        name[i]=name[i+1];
                        i=i+1;
                }
                name[i]='.';
        }
        name[i-1]='\0'; //remove the last dot
        return name;
}
/*
 * Get the DNS servers from /etc/resolv.conf file on Linux
 * */
void get_dns_servers()
{
        FILE *fp;
        char line[200] , *p;
        if((fp = fopen("/etc/resolv.conf" , "r")) == NULL)
        {
                printf("Failed opening /etc/resolv.conf file \n");
        }


        while(fgets(line , 200 , fp))
        {
                if(line[0] == '#')
                {
                        continue;
                }
                if(strncmp(line , "nameserver" , 10) == 0)
                {
                        p = strtok(line , " ");
                        p = strtok(NULL , " ");


                        //p now is the dns ip :)
                        //????
                }
        }


        strcpy(dns_servers[0] , "208.67.222.222");
        strcpy(dns_servers[1] , "208.67.220.220");
}
/*
 * This will convert www.google.com to 3www6google3com 
 * got it :)
 * */
void ChangetoDnsNameFormat(unsigned char* dns,unsigned char* host) 
{
        int lock = 0 , i;
        strcat((char*)host,".");


        for(i = 0 ; i < strlen((char*)host) ; i++) 
        {
                if(host[i]=='.') 
                {
                        *dns++ = i-lock;
                        for(;lock<i;lock++) 
                        {
                                *dns++=host[lock];
                        }
                        lock++; //or lock=i+1;
                }
        }
        *dns++='\0';
}