Android接收和发送短信

        Android提供了一系列的API，这样我们就可以在自己的程序中发送和接受信息。接收短信主要是利用了Android的广播机制。当手机接收到一条短信的时候，系统会发出一条值为 android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED 的广播，这条广播里携带着与短信相关的所有数据。每个应用程序都可以在广播接收器里对它进行监听，收到广播时再从中解析出短信的内容即可。

下面是MainActivity界面

 这是在DDMS中模拟的^_^

我们需要给程序声明一个接收短信和发送短信的权限，在AndroidMainfest.xml中添加一下代码：

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.SEND_SMS" />

activity_main.xml文件源码

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical" >

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="50dp">

        <TextView
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"
            android:padding="10dp"
            android:text="From:" />

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/sender"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_gravity="center_vertical" />

    </LinearLayout>

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="50dp">

        <TextView
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"
            android:padding="10dp"
            android:text="Content:" />

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/content"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"/>

    </LinearLayout>

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="50dp">

        <TextView
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"
            android:padding="10dp"
            android:text="To:" />

        <EditText
            android:id="@+id/to"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"
            android:layout_weight="1"/>

    </LinearLayout>

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="50dp">

        <EditText
            android:id="@+id/msg_input"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"
            android:layout_weight="1" />

        <Button
            android:id="@+id/send"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"
            android:text="Send" />

    </LinearLayout>

</LinearLayout>

MainActivity.java源码

package com.example.luoxn28.activity;

import android.app.PendingIntent;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v7.app.ActionBarActivity;
import android.telephony.SmsManager;
import android.telephony.SmsMessage;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MainActivity extends ActionBarActivity {
    private static final String TAG = "hdu";

    private TextView sender;  // 显示发送信息方号码
    private TextView content; // 显示接收到信息内容

    private IntentFilter receiveFilter;
    private MessageReceiver messageReceiver;

    private EditText to; // 信息接收方
    private EditText msgInput; // 信息输入
    private Button send; // 信息发送确定按钮

    private IntentFilter sendFilter;
    private SendStatusReceiver sendStatusReceiver;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        //requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        sender = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.sender);
        content = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.content);

        receiveFilter = new IntentFilter();
        receiveFilter.addAction("android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED");
        messageReceiver = new MessageReceiver();
        registerReceiver(messageReceiver, receiveFilter);

        to = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.to);
        msgInput = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.msg_input);
        send = (Button) findViewById(R.id.send);


        sendFilter = new IntentFilter();
        sendFilter.addAction("SENT_SMS_ACTION");
        sendStatusReceiver = new SendStatusReceiver();
        registerReceiver(sendStatusReceiver, sendFilter);

        /*
        // 这个只能发送信息，不能显示发送信息是否成功的状态
        send.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                SmsManager smsManager = SmsManager.getDefault();
                smsManager.sendTextMessage(to.getText().toString(), null,
                        msgInput.getText().toString(), null, null);
            }
        });*/

        send.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                SmsManager smsManager = SmsManager.getDefault();
                Intent sentIntent = new Intent("SENT_SMS_ACTION");
                PendingIntent pi = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(MainActivity.this, 0, sentIntent, 0);

                smsManager.sendTextMessage(to.getText().toString(), null,
                        msgInput.getText().toString(), pi, null);
            }
        });
    }

    class MessageReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            Bundle bundle = intent.getExtras();

           if (bundle != null) {
               Object[] pdus = (Object[]) bundle.get("pdus"); // 提取短信消息，注意Object不要写成了Objects
               SmsMessage[] messages = new SmsMessage[pdus.length];

               for (int i = 0; i < messages.length; i++) {
                   messages[i] = SmsMessage.createFromPdu((byte[]) pdus[i]);
               }
               String address = messages[0].getOriginatingAddress(); // 获取发送方号码

               String fullMessage = "";
               for (SmsMessage message : messages) {
                   fullMessage += message.getMessageBody(); // 获取短信内容
               }

               sender.setText(address);
               content.setText(fullMessage);
           }
        }
    }

    class SendStatusReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            if (getResultCode() == RESULT_OK) {
                // 短信发送成功
                Toast.makeText(context, "Send succeeded", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                // 清空短信输入框
                msgInput.setText("");
            }
            else {
                Toast.makeText(context, "Send failed", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        }
    }


    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        unregisterReceiver(messageReceiver);
        unregisterReceiver(sendStatusReceiver);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        // Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
        getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.menu_main, menu);
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
        // Handle action bar item clicks here. The action bar will
        // automatically handle clicks on the Home/Up button, so long
        // as you specify a parent activity in AndroidManifest.xml.
        int id = item.getItemId();

        //noinspection SimplifiableIfStatement
        if (id == R.id.action_settings) {
            //return true;
            finish(); // 活动结束
            onDestroy();

            return true;
        }

        return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
    }
}

参考资料：

       1、《第一行代码-Android》接收和发送信息章节