Spring采用面向切面(AOP)的编程方式,拦截器(Interceptor)与过滤器是 实现切面编程的利器。
一、过滤器
过滤器实现javax.servelet.Filter接口,采用@WebFilter注释说明针对那些URL 路径进行过滤,示例代码如下:
@component
@WebFilter(urlPatterns = "/*",filterName = "channelFilter")
public class ChannelFilter implements Filter {
private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ChannelFilter.class);
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
System.out.println("Filter初始化中");
}
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
logger.info("================进入过滤器======================");
}
@Override
public void destroy() {
System.out.println("Filter释放中");
}
}
完成过滤器的定义后,需要在添加有@SpringBootApplication注释的对象上添加注释 @ServeletComponentScan(basepackage={""})实现相关过滤器bean的自动创建;
二、拦截器
spring boot 的拦截器需要实现HandlerInterceptor接口,在该接口中重写preHandle、postHandle、afterCompletion三个方法,其中preHandle在提交处理器前被调用,postHandle在 提交处理器后被调用,afterCompletion在处理器完成请求后被调用,示例如下:
public class LogCostInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o) throws Exception {
start = System.currentTimeMillis();
return true;
}
@Override
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
System.out.println("Interceptor cost="+(System.currentTimeMillis()-start));
}
@Override
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, Exception e) throws Exception {
}
}
完成拦截器定义后,还需要注册拦截器,以实现的拦截器配置。示例如下:
@Configuration
public class InterceptorConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
@Override
public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
registry.addInterceptor(new LogCostInterceptor()).addPathPatterns("/**");
super.addInterceptors(registry);
}
}
拦截器课用于实现日志记录、访问者计数、用户强行认证等场合。