spring boot 中的过滤器（Filter）与拦截器 （Interceptor）

Spring采用面向切面（AOP）的编程方式，拦截器（Interceptor）与过滤器是 实现切面编程的利器。

一、过滤器

过滤器实现javax.servelet.Filter接口，采用@WebFilter注释说明针对那些URL 路径进行过滤，示例代码如下：

@component
@WebFilter(urlPatterns = "/*",filterName = "channelFilter")
public class ChannelFilter implements Filter {
    private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ChannelFilter.class);
 
    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
         System.out.println("Filter初始化中");
    }
 
    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        logger.info("================进入过滤器======================");
    }
 
    @Override
    public void destroy() {
      System.out.println("Filter释放中");
    }
}

完成过滤器的定义后，需要在添加有@SpringBootApplication注释的对象上添加注释 @ServeletComponentScan(basepackage={""})实现相关过滤器bean的自动创建；

二、拦截器

spring boot 的拦截器需要实现HandlerInterceptor接口，在该接口中重写preHandle、postHandle、afterCompletion三个方法，其中preHandle在提交处理器前被调用，postHandle在 提交处理器后被调用，afterCompletion在处理器完成请求后被调用，示例如下：

public class LogCostInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
    long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o) throws Exception {
        start = System.currentTimeMillis();
        return true;
    }
 
    @Override
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("Interceptor cost="+(System.currentTimeMillis()-start));
    }
 
    @Override
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, Exception e) throws Exception {
    }
}

完成拦截器定义后，还需要注册拦截器，以实现的拦截器配置。示例如下：

@Configuration
public class InterceptorConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
 
    @Override
    public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
        registry.addInterceptor(new LogCostInterceptor()).addPathPatterns("/**");
        super.addInterceptors(registry);
    }
}

拦截器课用于实现日志记录、访问者计数、用户强行认证等场合。