HDU Assign the task（dfs编号+线段树成段更新）

题目链接：http://acm.hdu.edu.cn/showproblem.php?pid=3974

Problem Description

There is a company that has N employees(numbered from 1 to N),every employee in the company has a immediate boss (except for the leader of whole company).If you are the immediate boss of someone,that person is your subordinate, and all his subordinates are your subordinates as well. If you are nobody's boss, then you have no subordinates,the employee who has no immediate boss is the leader of whole company.So it means the N employees form a tree.

The company usually assigns some tasks to some employees to finish.When a task is assigned to someone,He/She will assigned it to all his/her subordinates.In other words,the person and all his/her subordinates received a task in the same time. Furthermore,whenever a employee received a task,he/she will stop the current task(if he/she has) and start the new one.

Write a program that will help in figuring out some employee’s current task after the company assign some tasks to some employee.

 

Input

The first line contains a single positive integer T( T <= 10 ), indicates the number of test cases.

For each test case:

The first line contains an integer N (N ≤ 50,000) , which is the number of the employees.

The following N - 1 lines each contain two integers u and v, which means the employee v is the immediate boss of employee u(1<=u,v<=N).

The next line contains an integer M (M ≤ 50,000).

The following M lines each contain a message which is either

"C x" which means an inquiry for the current task of employee x

or

"T x y"which means the company assign task y to employee x.

(1<=x<=N,0<=y<=10^9)

 

Output

For each test case, print the test case number (beginning with 1) in the first line and then for every inquiry, output the correspond answer per line.

 

Sample Input

  
  

   
   1 
5 
4 3 
3 2 
1 3 
5 2 
5 
C 3 
T 2 1
 C 3 
T 3 2 
C 3
  
  

 

Sample Output

  
  

   
   Case #1:
-1 
1 
2
  
  

 

Source

2011 Multi-University Training Contest 14 - Host by FZU

题意：

给出1 到 N 点的上下级关系，如果给 a 分配任务 b，那么他的所有下属。都停下目前手上的工作，开始做任务b 。

给出例如 u , v 表示v 是 u 的上级！

有两个操作：

1：T x y 分配给 x 员工 任务 y ；

2：C x 询问 x 员工的当前任务；

PS:

从树的根节点向下遍历并对每个节点 i 按序编号为s[v]，当遍历完 i 的所有子节点后最后子节点的编号为e[u] ；

此时点 i 的覆盖区域就是s[ i ]到e[ i ]区间，给点 i 分配任务就相当于对s[ i ]，e[ i ] 进行区间更新！ 

代码如下：

#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
#define lson l , mid , rt << 1
#define rson mid + 1 , r , rt << 1 | 1
#define LL long long
const int maxn = 111111;
LL add[maxn<<2];//用来标记每个节点，为0则表示没有标记，否则为标记；
LL val[maxn<<2];//每个节点的值
LL col[maxn<<2];
int head[maxn], s[maxn], e[maxn], vis[maxn];
int cnt, tot;
struct Edge
{
    int to;
    int next;
} edge[maxn];

void init()
{
    cnt = 0;
    tot = 0;
    memset(head,-1,sizeof(head));
    memset(vis,0,sizeof(vis));
}
void addedge(int u, int v)
{
    edge[tot].to = v;
    edge[tot].next = head[u];
    head[u] = tot++;
}
void dfs(int u)
{
    cnt++;
    s[u] = cnt;
    for(int i = head[u]; i != -1; i = edge[i].next)
    {
        dfs(edge[i].to);
    }
    e[u] = cnt;
}

void PushDown(int rt)//把当前结点的信息更新给儿子结点
{
    if(col[rt]) //已经标记过，该区间被改变过
    {
        col[rt<<1] = col[rt] ;//此处是替换,而非“+=”
        col[rt<<1|1] = col[rt];

        val[rt<<1] = col[rt];//此处是替换,而非“+=”
        val[rt<<1|1] = col [rt];
        col[rt] = 0;//将标记向儿子节点移动后，父节点的延迟标记去掉
    }
}
void build(int l,int r,int rt)
{
    col[rt] = 0;//初始化为所有结点未被标记
    val[rt] = -1;//初始化每个节点为-1
    if (l == r)
    {
        //scanf("%d",&val[rt]);
        return ;
    }
    int mid = (l + r) >> 1;
    build(lson);
    build(rson);
}

void update(int L,int R,int c,int l,int r,int rt)
{
    if (L <= l && r <= R)
    {
        col[rt] = c;
        val[rt] = c;
        return ;
    }
    /*当要对被延迟标记过的这段区间的儿子节点进行更新时，先要将延迟标记向儿子节点移动
    当然，如果一直没有对该段的儿子节点更新，延迟标记就不需要向儿子节点移动，这样就使
    更新操作的时间复杂度仍为O（logn），也是使用延迟标记的原因。
    */
    PushDown(rt);//向下传递
    int mid = (l + r) >> 1;
    if (L <= mid)
        update(L , R , c , lson);//更新左儿子
    if (mid < R)
        update(L , R , c , rson);//更新右儿子
}
LL query(int L,int R,int l,int r,int rt)
{
    if (L <= l && r <= R)
    {
        return val[rt];
    }
    //要取rt子节点的值时，也要先把rt的延迟标记向下移动
    PushDown(rt);
    int mid = (l + r) >> 1;
    LL ret = 0;
    if (L <= mid)
        ret = query(L , R , lson);
    if (mid < R)
        ret = query(L , R , rson);
    return ret;
}

int main()
{
    int N , Q;
    int T;
    int cas = 0;
    scanf("%d",&T);
    while(T--)
    {

        init();
        scanf("%d",&N);//N为节点数
        int u, v;
        for(int i = 1; i < N; i++)
        {
            scanf("%d%d",&u,&v);
            addedge(v, u);
            vis[u] = 1;
        }
        for(int i = 1; i <= N; i++)
        {
            if(!vis[i])
            {
                dfs(i);
                break;
            }
        }

        build(1 , N , 1); //建树
        scanf("%d",&Q);
        printf("Case #%d:\n",++cas);
        while(Q--)//Q为询问次数
        {
            char op[10];
            int a , b , c;
            scanf("%s",op);
            if(op[0] == 'C')
            {
                scanf("%d",&a);
                printf("%lld\n",query(s[a], s[a], 1, N, 1));
            }
            else
            {
                scanf("%d%d",&a,&b);
                update(s[a], e[a], b, 1, N, 1);
            }
        }
    }
    return 0;
}