C++——多继承 虚继承

一，多继承

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;

class B1   
{
public:  
    B1(int i){cout<<"B1类"<<" "<<i<<endl;}  
};//定义基类B1

class B2    
{
public:  
    B2(int j)   {cout<<"B2类"<<" "<<j<<endl;}  
};//定义基类B2  

class B3   
{  
public:  
    B3()  {cout<<"B3类"<<endl;}  
};//定义基类B3  

class B4
{
public:
    B4() {cout<<"B4类"<<endl;}
};

class C: public B2, public B1, public B4,public B3   
{
public:   
    C(int a,int b,int c,int d,int e)  
        :B1(a),memberB2(d),memberB1(c),B2(b)  
    {m=e; cout<<"consC"<<endl;}  

private:  
    B1 memberB1;  
    B4 memberB4;  
    B3 memberB3; 
    B2 memberB2; 
    int m;  
};//继承类C  

void main()  
{ 
    C  c(1,2,3,4,5); 
}//主函数 

C类按照顺序继承B2,B1,B4,B3；再按照数据成员定义顺序：memberB1, memberB4, memberB3,memberB2；最后是自己的构造器

二，虚继承

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;

class Person
{
protected:
    string name;
public:
    Person(string thename){name=thename;}
    void introduce(){cout<<"大家好，我是"<<name<<endl;}
};

class Teacher:virtual public Person//虚继承：以后Teacher继承出去的子类不会自动继承Person类
{
protected:
    string classes;
public:
    Teacher(string thename,string theclass);
    void teach(){cout<<name<<"教"<<classes<<endl;}
    void introduce(){cout<<"大家好，我是"<<name<<"，我教"<<classes<<endl;}
};

class Student:virtual public Person
{
protected:
    string classes;
public:
    Student(string thename,string theclass);
    void attendClass(){cout<<name<<"加入"<<classes<<"学习"<<endl;}
    void introduce(){cout<<"大家好，我是"<<name<<"，我在"<<classes<<"学习"<<endl;}
};

class TeachingStudent:public Teacher,public Student
{
public:
    TeachingStudent(string thename,string classTeaching,string classAttending);
    void introduce();
};


Teacher::Teacher(string thename,string theclass):Person(thename)//构造函数的继承（含参数）
{
    classes=theclass;
}

Student::Student(string thename,string theclass):Person(thename)
{
    classes=theclass;
}

TeachingStudent::TeachingStudent(string thename,
    string classTeaching,
    string classAttending)
    :Teacher(thename,classTeaching),Student(thename,classAttending),Person(thename)//Teacher和Student虚继承于Person，所以他们的子类TeachingStudent不继承于Person
{
}

void TeachingStudent::introduce()
{
    cout<<"大家好，我是"<<name<<"。我教"<<Teacher::classes<<endl;
    cout<<"同时我在"<<Student::classes<<"学习"<<endl;
}


void main()
{
    Teacher teacher("techerJack","C");
    Student student("studentTom","C");
    TeachingStudent teachingStudent("Lily","C","C++");

    teacher.introduce();
    teacher.teach();

    student.introduce();
    student.attendClass();

    teachingStudent.introduce();
    teachingStudent.teach();
    teachingStudent.attendClass();
}

如果不是虚继承，则TeachingStudent类将拥有2个name，

void TeachingStudent::introduce()
{
    cout<<"大家好，我是"<<Student::name<<"。我教"<<Teacher::classes<<endl;
    cout<<"同时我在"<<Student::classes<<"学习"<<endl;
}