1、反射概述:
JAVA反射是在运行状态中,对于任意一个类,都能够知道这个类的所有属性和方法;对于任意一个对象,都能够调用它的任意一个方法和属性;这种动态获取的信息以及动态调用对象的方法的功能称为java语言的反射机制。
2、总结:反射就是把java类中的各种成分映射成相关的java类。
3、获得字节码方式:
(1)、类名.class 例如:System.in
(2)、对象.getClass() 例如:new Date().getclass
(3)、class.forName(“类名”) 例如:Class.forName(“java.util.Date”)
package demo;
import java.lang.reflect.Array;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.Arrays;
public class ReflectDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
String str="abc";
Class cls1=str.getClass();
Class cls2=String.class;
Class cls3=Class.forName("java.lang.String");
System.out.println(cls1==cls2);
System.out.println(cls1==cls3);
System.out.println(cls1.isPrimitive());
System.out.println(int.class.isPrimitive());
System.out.println(int.class==Integer.class);
System.out.println(int.class==Integer.TYPE);
System.out.println(int[].class.isPrimitive());
System.out.println(int[].class.isArray());
//反射:获取构造函数
Constructor constuctor1=String.class.getConstructor(StringBuffer.class);
String str2=(String)constuctor1.newInstance(new StringBuffer("abc"));
System.out.println(str2.charAt(2));
//反射:获取成员变量Field
ReflectPoint pt1=new ReflectPoint(3, 5);
Field fieldY=pt1.getClass().getField("y");//获取共有成员变量
//filedY值不等于5,不是对象的变量,是filed类上的变量
System.out.println(fieldY.get(pt1));
Field fieldX=pt1.getClass().getDeclaredField("x");//获取私有成员变量
fieldX.setAccessible(true);
System.out.println(fieldX.get(pt1));
changeStringValue(pt1);
System.out.println(pt1);
//反射。获取方法Method
Method methodCharAt =str.getClass().getMethod("charAt", int.class);
System.out.println(methodCharAt.invoke(str, 1));
System.out.println(methodCharAt.invoke(str, new Object[]{2}));
String startingClassName=args[0];
Method methodMain=Class.forName(startingClassName).getMethod("main", String[].class);
//System.out.println(methodMain.invoke(null, new Object[]{new String[]{"123","456","888"}}));
System.out.println(methodMain.invoke(null, (Object)new String[]{"123","456","888"}));
//数组的反射关系
int [] a1=new int[]{1,2,3};
int [] a2=new int[4];
int[][] a3=new int[2][3];
String[] a4=new String[]{"a","b","c"};
System.out.println(a1.getClass()==a2.getClass());
//System.out.println(a1.getClass()==a3.getClass());
//System.out.println(a1.getClass()==a4.getClass());
System.out.println(a1.getClass().getName());
System.out.println(a4.getClass().getSuperclass().getName());
System.out.println(a1);
System.out.println(a4);
System.out.println(Arrays.asList(a1));
System.out.println(Arrays.asList(a4));
printObject("xyz");
printObject(a4);
}
private static void printObject(Object obj){
Class clazz=obj.getClass();
if (clazz.isArray()) {
int len=Array.getLength(obj);
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
System.err.println(Array.get(obj, i));
}
} else {
System.out.println(obj);
}
}
private static void changeStringValue(Object obj) throws Exception {
Field[] fields=obj.getClass().getFields();
for (Field field : fields) {
//字节码是唯一的,所以用"=="
if (field.getType()==String.class) {
String oldValue=(String) field.get(obj);
String newValue=oldValue.replace('b', 'a');
field.set(obj, newValue);
}
}
}
}
class TestArguments{
public static void main(String[] args) {
for (String arg : args) {
System.out.println(arg);
}
}
}
4.集合框架
需要写一个配置文件,存入要放入的类。集合在调用时,不知道创建对象的名字,需要在配置文件中获取。这时需要用反射。
代码如下:
package demo;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Properties;
public class ReflectTest {
/**
* @param args
* @throws Exception
*/
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//读取配置文件
InputStream ips=new FileInputStream("config.properties");
Properties prop=new Properties();
prop.load(ips);//将键值对存入集合
ips.close();//关闭资源
String className=prop.getProperty("className");
//new 一个对象
Collection collections =(Collection) Class.forName(className).newInstance();
//Collection collections = new HashSet();
ReflectPoint pt1=new ReflectPoint(3, 3);
ReflectPoint pt2=new ReflectPoint(5,5);
ReflectPoint pt3=new ReflectPoint(3,3);
collections.add(pt1);
collections.add(pt2);
collections.add(pt3);
collections.add(pt1);
// pt1.y=7;
// collections.remove(pt1);
System.out.println(collections.size());
}
}
package demo;
public class ReflectPoint {
private int x;
public int y;
public String str1="ball";
public String str2="baskeball";
public String str3="itcast";
public ReflectPoint(int x, int y) {
super();
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
final int prime = 31;
int result = 1;
result = prime * result + x;
result = prime * result + y;
return result;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
if (this == obj)
return true;
if (obj == null)
return false;
if (getClass() != obj.getClass())
return false;
ReflectPoint other = (ReflectPoint) obj;
if (x != other.x)
return false;
if (y != other.y)
return false;
return true;
}
public String toString(){
return str1+"::"+str2+"::"+str3;
}
}