linux--rpm包常用操作

1、rpm

      RPM原先被称为红帽包管理器（red hat package manageer）。rpm包主要有两种类型：二进制的rpm包和源码rpm包，二进制rpm包是为了特定的架构所编译出来的包，比如x86架构的包不能安装在ARM上；源码包提供了源码，可以在不同的架构上编译成二进制rpm包。

2、安装

#下载软件包一定去官网下载，防止第三方软件包被注入恶意的程序
[root@VM_0_11_centos ~]# yum -y install rpm
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

3、常用操作

1）查看当前系统中的rpm包，rpm -qa

[root@VM_0_11_centos ~]# rpm -qa | grep -i kernel
kernel-3.10.0-957.21.3.el7.x86_64
abrt-addon-kerneloops-2.1.11-55.el7.centos.x86_64
kernel-3.10.0-1062.9.1.el7.x86_64
kernel-tools-3.10.0-1062.9.1.el7.x86_64
kernel-devel-3.10.0-957.21.3.el7.x86_64
kernel-tools-libs-3.10.0-1062.9.1.el7.x86_64
kernel-ml-5.4.2-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64
kernel-devel-3.10.0-1062.9.1.el7.x86_64
kernel-headers-3.10.0-1062.9.1.el7.x86_64
[root@VM_0_11_centos ~]#

2）安装rpm

[root@VM_0_11_centos ~]# rpm -ivh  ***.rpm  #安装rpm包
[root@VM_0_11_centos ~]# rpm -Uvh  ***.rpm  #Upgrade，升级rpm包，旧包不存在就执行新安装
[root@VM_0_11_centos ~]# rpm -Fvh  ***.rpm  #Flash，刷新rpm包，旧包不存在也不执行新安装

安装的时候可以带参数，常见的参数有--nodeps 不带依赖，--force强制安装

3）移除软件

[root@VM_0_11_centos ~]# rpm -qa | grep -i tiff
libtiff-4.0.3-32.el7.x86_64
[root@VM_0_11_centos ~]# rpm -e libtiff-4.0.3-32.el7.x86_64
error: Failed dependencies:
        libtiff.so.5()(64bit) is needed by (installed) python-pillow-2.0.0-19.gitd1c6db8.el7.x86_64
        libtiff.so.5()(64bit) is needed by (installed) gdk-pixbuf2-2.36.12-3.el7.x86_64
        libtiff.so.5()(64bit) is needed by (installed) libgs-9.25-2.el7_7.3.x86_64
        libtiff.so.5(LIBTIFF_4.0)(64bit) is needed by (installed) python-pillow-2.0.0-19.gitd1c6db8.el7.x86_64
        libtiff.so.5(LIBTIFF_4.0)(64bit) is needed by (installed) gdk-pixbuf2-2.36.12-3.el7.x8