82、高级特性-配置加载优先级

外部化配置

官方文档 - Externalized Configuration

Spring Boot uses a very particular PropertySource order that is designed to allow sensible overriding of values. Properties are considered in the following order (with values from lower items overriding earlier ones)（1优先级最低，14优先级最高）:

1. Default properties (specified by setting SpringApplication.setDefaultProperties).
2. @PropertySource annotations on your @Configuration classes. Please note that such property sources are not added to the Environment until the application context is being refreshed. This is too late to configure certain properties such as logging.* and spring.main.* which are read before refresh begins.
3. Config data (such as application.properties files)
4. A RandomValuePropertySource that has properties only in random.*.
5. OS environment variables.
6. Java System properties (System.getProperties()).
7. JNDI attributes from java:comp/env.
8. ServletContext init parameters.
9. ServletConfig init parameters.
10. Properties from SPRING_APPLICATION_JSON (inline JSON embedded in an environment variable or system property).
11. Command line arguments.
12. properties attribute on your tests. Available on @SpringBootTest and the test annotations for testing a particular slice of your application.
13. @TestPropertySource annotations on your tests.
14. Devtools global settings properties in the $HOME/.config/spring-boot directory when devtools is active.

import org.springframework.stereotype.*;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.*;

@Component
public class MyBean {

    @Value("${name}")//以这种方式可以获得配置值
    private String name;

    // ...

}

---

• 外部配置源
  • Java属性文件。
  • YAML文件。
  • 环境变量。
  • 命令行参数。
• 配置文件查找位置
  1. classpath 根路径。
  2. classpath 根路径下config目录。
  3. jar包当前目录。
  4. jar包当前目录的config目录。
  5. /config子目录的直接子目录。
• 配置文件加载顺序：
  1. 当前jar包内部的application.properties和application.yml。
  2. 当前jar包内部的application-{profile}.properties 和 application-{profile}.yml。
  3. 引用的外部jar包的application.properties和application.yml。
  4. 引用的外部jar包的application-{profile}.properties和application-{profile}.yml。
• 指定环境优先，外部优先，后面的可以覆盖前面的同名配置项。