struts2的helloworld程序部署报错的解决方案

在初次学习struts2的过程中，遇到困难是很正常的事情，我相信，每个人在接触新技术时，最先做的就是创建helloworld小程序，我在创建基于struts2的demo时，在myeclipse中部署程序的时候，遇到了如下的错误：

Caused by: http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.5.dtd - Class: sun.net.www.protocol.http.HttpURLConnection
File: HttpURLConnection.java
Method: getInputStream
Line: 1303 - sun/net/www/protocol/http/HttpURLConnection.java:1303:-1
	at com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.DomHelper.parse(DomHelper.java:115)
	at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.loadConfigurationFiles(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:885)
	... 24 more
Caused by: java.io.FileNotFoundException: http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.5.dtd
	at sun.net.www.protocol.http.HttpURLConnection.getInputStream(HttpURLConnection.java:1303)
	at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLEntityManager.setupCurrentEntity(XMLEntityManager.java:677)
	at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLEntityManager.startEntity(XMLEntityManager.java:1315)
	at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLEntityManager.startDTDEntity(XMLEntityManager.java:1282)
	at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDTDScannerImpl.setInputSource(XMLDTDScannerImpl.java:283)
	at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentScannerImpl$DTDDriver.dispatch(XMLDocumentScannerImpl.java:1192)
	at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentScannerImpl$DTDDriver.next(XMLDocumentScannerImpl.java:1089)
	at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentScannerImpl$PrologDriver.next(XMLDocumentScannerImpl.java:1002)
	at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentScannerImpl.next(XMLDocumentScannerImpl.java:648)
	at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.next(XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.java:140)
	at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.scanDocument(XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.java:510)
	at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(XML11Configuration.java:807)
	at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(XML11Configuration.java:737)
	at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XMLParser.parse(XMLParser.java:107)
	at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.AbstractSAXParser.parse(AbstractSAXParser.java:1205)
	at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.jaxp.SAXParserImpl$JAXPSAXParser.parse(SAXParserImpl.java:522)
	at javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser.parse(SAXParser.java:395)
	at com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.DomHelper.parse(DomHelper.java:113)
	... 25 more
2014-8-2 17:48:36 org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader checkThreadLocalMapForLeaks
严重: The web application [/StrutsDemo] created a ThreadLocal with key of type [com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerImpl$10] (value [com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerImpl$10@41a330e4]) and a value of type [java.lang.Object[]] (value [[Ljava.lang.Object;@40deea66]) but failed to remove it when the web application was stopped. Threads are going to be renewed over time to try and avoid a probable memory leak.
2014-8-2 17:48:36 org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader checkThreadLocalMapForLeaks
严重: The web application [/StrutsDemo] created a ThreadLocal with key of type [com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerImpl$10] (value [com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerImpl$10@6aeeefcf]) and a value of type [java.lang.Object[]] (value [[Ljava.lang.Object;@6cc235e1]) but failed to remove it when the web application was stopped. Threads are going to be renewed over time to try and avoid a probable memory leak.
2014-8-2 17:48:38 com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.logging.commons.CommonsLogger info
信息: Parsing configuration file [struts-default.xml]
2014-8-2 17:48:38 com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.logging.commons.CommonsLogger info
信息: Unable to locate configuration files of the name struts-plugin.xml, skipping
2014-8-2 17:48:38 com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.logging.commons.CommonsLogger info
信息: Parsing configuration file [struts-plugin.xml]
2014-8-2 17:48:38 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext filterStart
严重: Exception starting filter struts2
Unable to load configuration. - Class: sun.net.www.protocol.http.HttpURLConnection
File: HttpURLConnection.java
Method: getInputStream
Line: 1303 - sun/net/www/protocol/http/HttpURLConnection.java:1303:-1
	at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(ConfigurationManager.java:58)
	at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init_PreloadConfiguration(Dispatcher.java:360)
	at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init(Dispatcher.java:403)
	at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.InitOperations.initDispatcher(InitOperations.java:69)
	at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.init(StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.java:48)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.initFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:281)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.getFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:262)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.<init>(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:107)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.filterStart(StandardContext.java:4775)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5452)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.reload(StandardContext.java:3954)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.checkResources(HostConfig.java:1270)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.check(HostConfig.java:1439)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.lifecycleEvent(HostConfig.java:315)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleSupport.java:119)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleBase.java:90)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.backgroundProcess(ContainerBase.java:1374)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$ContainerBackgroundProcessor.processChildren(ContainerBase.java:1530)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$ContainerBackgroundProcessor.processChildren(ContainerBase.java:1540)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$ContainerBackgroundProcessor.run(ContainerBase.java:1519)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:619)
Caused by: Unable to load file:/F:/apache-tomcat-7.0.42/webapps/StrutsDemo/WEB-INF/classes/struts.xml - Class: sun.net.www.protocol.http.HttpURLConnection
File: HttpURLConnection.java
Method: getInputStream
Line: 1303 - sun/net/www/protocol/http/HttpURLConnection.java:1303:-1
	at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.loadConfigurationFiles(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:890)
	at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.loadDocuments(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:144)
	at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.init(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:111)
	at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.impl.DefaultConfiguration.reloadContainer(DefaultConfiguration.java:164)
	at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(ConfigurationManager.java:55)
	... 21 more
Caused by: http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.5.dtd - Class: sun.net.www.protocol.http.HttpURLConnection
File: HttpURLConnection.java
Method: getInputStream
Line: 1303 - sun/net/www/protocol/http/HttpURLConnection.java:1303:-1
	at com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.DomHelper.parse(DomHelper.java:115)
	at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.loadConfigurationFiles(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:885)
	... 25 more
Caused by: java.io.FileNotFoundException: http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.5.dtd
	at sun.net.www.protocol.http.HttpURLConnection.getInputStream(HttpURLConnection.java:1303)
	at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLEntityManager.setupCurrentEntity(XMLEntityManager.java:677)
	at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLEntityManager.startEntity(XMLEntityManager.java:1315)
	at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLEntityManager.startDTDEntity(XMLEntityManager.java:1282)
	at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDTDScannerImpl.setInputSource(XMLDTDScannerImpl.java:283)
	at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentScannerImpl$DTDDriver.dispatch(XMLDocumentScannerImpl.java:1192)
	at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentScannerImpl$DTDDriver.next(XMLDocumentScannerImpl.java:1089)
	at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentScannerImpl$PrologDriver.next(XMLDocumentScannerImpl.java:1002)
	at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentScannerImpl.next(XMLDocumentScannerImpl.java:648)
	at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.next(XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.java:140)
	at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.scanDocument(XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.java:510)
	at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(XML11Configuration.java:807)
	at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(XML11Configuration.java:737)
	at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XMLParser.parse(XMLParser.java:107)
	at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.AbstractSAXParser.parse(AbstractSAXParser.java:1205)
	at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.jaxp.SAXParserImpl$JAXPSAXParser.parse(SAXParserImpl.java:522)
	at javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser.parse(SAXParser.java:395)
	at com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.DomHelper.parse(DomHelper.java:113)
	... 26 more
2014-8-2 17:48:38 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext startInternal
严重: Error filterStart
2014-8-2 17:48:38 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext startInternal
严重: Context [/StrutsDemo] startup failed due to previous errors

struts.xml如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
    <span style="color:#ff0000;">"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.5//EN"
    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.5.dtd"></span>

<struts>
	
	<constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" />
	<package name="test" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
		<action name="test" class="com.lc.action.TestAction">
			<result>
				/test.jsp
			</result>
		</action>
	</package>
	<!-- Add packages here -->
</struts>

这个错误困扰了一周的时间，在部署程序后，在浏览器中输入localhost:8080/test后一直显示404，就是不显示test.jsp中的内容，于是，我在网上查找了好多资料，也询问了身边搞java web的朋友，最终找到了问题的根源所在。

问题根源及解决方案：

图中struts.xml配置中的红色部分，把struts的版本写错，项目中用到的struts版本为2.1，而这里却写成了struts-2.5.dtd，由于写程序的配置文件时是从struts官网上copy的，所以我就忽略了版本不匹配的问题，所以就导致了这个让人头疼的问题。解决方案就是将struts.xml中红色部分的2.5改成2.1就可以了，这样改过之后，就可以正常的 部署项目，顺利的运行出test.jsp中的内容了。