关于WinForm调用Web Service的代码,
我自己模仿做一个代码基本都是复制粘贴的,结果不好使。郁闷的是,又碰到那个该死的GET调用Web Service,我想肯定又是Web.config需要配置,结果WinForm没有这个配置文件,奇怪,为什么人家的就好使,我写的就不好使呢。
上网搜吧,唉,找个两个多小时,基本都是和我一样的代码,互相转载。根本没人提代码好不好使,也没人提正确的用法。就在我要放弃的时候,终于发现原来是在 Web Service的Web.config里配置的(下面滴2步),真是欲哭无泪啊,大家可要注意啊。
好了,把过程详细说下吧。
1、建立项目WebService和WinForm项目,这里起名为WinFormInvokeWebService,如图所示,
2、Service1.asmx代码为:(这部分其实和上篇的代码是一样的)
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Services;
using System.Data;
namespace WebService1
{
///<summary>
/// Service1 的摘要说明
///</summary>
[WebService(Namespace = "http://tempuri.org/")]
[WebServiceBinding(ConformsTo = WsiProfiles.BasicProfile1_1)]
[System.ComponentModel.ToolboxItem(false)]
// 若要允许使用 ASP.NET AJAX 从脚本中调用此 Web 服务,请取消对下行的注释。
[System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptService]
public class Service1 : System.Web.Services.WebService
{
//无参方法
[WebMethod]
public string HelloWorld()
{
return "Hello World";
}
//有参方法1
[WebMethod]
public int Add(int a, int b)
{
return a + b;
}
//有参方法2
[WebMethod]
public int Sum(int x)
{
int sum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i <= x; i++)
{
sum += i;
}
return sum;
}
// 返回一个复合类型
[WebMethod]
public Student GetStudentByStuNo(string stuNo)
{
if(stuNo=="001")
return new Student { StuNo = "001", StuName = "张三" };
if(stuNo=="002")
return new Student { StuNo = "002", StuName = "李四" };
return null;
}
//返回返回泛型集合的
[WebMethod]
public List<Student> GetList()
{
List<Student> list = new List<Student>();
list.Add(new Student() { StuNo = "001", StuName = "张三" });
list.Add(new Student() { StuNo = "002", StuName = "李四" });
list.Add(new Student() { StuNo = "003", StuName = "王五" });
return list;
}
//返回DataSet
[WebMethod]
public DataSet GetDataSet()
{
DataSet ds = new DataSet();
DataTable dt = new DataTable();
dt.Columns.Add("StuNo", Type.GetType("System.String"));
dt.Columns.Add("StuName", Type.GetType("System.String"));
DataRow dr = dt.NewRow();
dr["StuNo"] = "001"; dr["StuName"] = "张三";
dt.Rows.Add(dr);
dr = dt.NewRow();
dr["StuNo"] = "002"; dr["StuName"] = "李四";
dt.Rows.Add(dr);
ds.Tables.Add(dt);
return ds;
}
}
public class Student
{
public string StuNo { get; set; }
public string StuName { get; set; }
}
}
3、在WebService的web.config文件的system.web节下面加上以下配置。如果不添加在运行手工发送HTTP请求调用WebService(利用GET方式)时,总是出现“远程服务器返回错误: (500) 内部服务器错误。”就是这个该死的错误,让我浪费2个多小时
<webServices>
<protocols>
<addname="HttpPost" />
<addname="HttpGet" />
</protocols>
</webServices>
4、在WinForm应用程序里添加Web引用,有人会发现选择WinForm项目里只能添加服务引用,我当初也是这么认为后来,后来发现在做异步的调用的时候有些方法实在点不出来,所以这里说下如何添加Web引用,选择项目WinFormInvokeWebService右键->添加服务引用,弹出以下对话框
(1)选择高级
(2)选择添加web引用
(3)选择“此解决方案中的Web服务”
(4)选择Service1
(5)在web引用名里输入一个服务名称,这里使用默认的名称localhost,点添加引用
5、添加3个Windows窗体,
(1)Form1拖放的控件为:
Form1的代码为:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;
namespace WinFormInvokeWebService
{
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
localhost.Service1 service = new localhost.Service1();
localhost.Student s = service.GetStudentByStuNo("002");
MessageBox.Show("学号:" + s.StuNo + ",姓名:" + s.StuName);
}
private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
new Form2().Show();
}
private void button3_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
new Form3().Show();
}
}
}
(2)Form2拖放的控件为:
Form2的代码为:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;
//导入此命名空间
using System.Net;
using System.Xml;
using System.IO;
using System.Web; //先添加System.Web引用再导入此命名空间
namespace WinFormInvokeWebService
{
public partial class Form2 : Form
{
public Form2()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
//手工发送HTTP请求调用WebService-GET方式
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//http://localhost:3152注意你的地址可能和我的不一样,运行WebService看下你的端口改下
string strURL = "http://localhost:3152/Service1.asmx/GetStudentByStuNo?stuNo=";
strURL += this.textBox1.Text;
//创建一个HTTP请求
HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(strURL);
//request.Method="get";
HttpWebResponse response = (System.Net.HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse();
Stream s = response.GetResponseStream();
XmlTextReader Reader = new XmlTextReader(s);
Reader.MoveToContent();
string strValue = Reader.ReadInnerXml();
strValue = strValue.Replace("<", "<");
strValue = strValue.Replace(">", ">");
MessageBox.Show(strValue);
Reader.Close();
}
//手工发送HTTP请求调用WebService-POST方式
private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//http://localhost:3152注意你的地址可能和我的不一样,运行WebService看下你的端口改下
string strURL = "http://localhost:3152/Service1.asmx/GetStudentByStuNo";
//创建一个HTTP请求
HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(strURL);
//Post请求方式
request.Method = "POST";
//内容类型
request.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
//参数经过URL编码
string paraUrlCoded = HttpUtility.UrlEncode("stuNo");
paraUrlCoded += "=" + HttpUtility.UrlEncode(this.textBox1.Text);
byte[] payload;
//将URL编码后的字符串转化为字节
payload = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(paraUrlCoded);
//设置请求的ContentLength
request.ContentLength = payload.Length;
//获得请求流
Stream writer = request.GetRequestStream();
//将请求参数写入流
writer.Write(payload, 0, payload.Length);
//关闭请求流
writer.Close();
//获得响应流
HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse();
Stream s = response.GetResponseStream();
XmlTextReader Reader = new XmlTextReader(s);
Reader.MoveToContent();
string strValue = Reader.ReadInnerXml();
strValue = strValue.Replace("<", "<");
strValue = strValue.Replace(">", ">");
MessageBox.Show(strValue);
Reader.Close();
}
}
}
(3)Form3拖放的控件为:
Form3的代码为:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;
namespace WinFormInvokeWebService
{
public partial class Form3 : Form
{
public Form3()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
//利用Backgroundworker对象
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
BackgroundWorker backgroundworker = new BackgroundWorker();
// 注册具体异步处理的方法
backgroundworker.DoWork += new DoWorkEventHandler(back_DoWork);
// 注册调用完成后的回调方法
backgroundworker.RunWorkerCompleted += new RunWorkerCompletedEventHandler(back_RunWorkerCompleted);
// 这里开始异步调用
backgroundworker.RunWorkerAsync();
//调用服务的同时客户端处理并不停止
ChangeProcessBar();
}
//完成事件
void back_RunWorkerCompleted(object sender, RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs e)
{
if (e.Error != null)
throw e.Error;
progressBar1.Value = progressBar1.Maximum; //调用完成了,把客户端进度条填充满
localhost.Student s = e.Result as localhost.Student; //获取处理结果
MessageBox.Show("学号:" + s.StuNo + ",姓名:" + s.StuName); //显示从服务器获取的结果值
}
//调用方法
void back_DoWork(object sender, DoWorkEventArgs e)
{
// Web Service代理类
localhost.Service1 service = new localhost.Service1();
// 调用Web方法GetClass1,结果赋值给DoWorkEventArgs的Result对象
e.Result = service.GetStudentByStuNo("002");
}
///<summary>
///界面的进度条显示
///</summary>
void ChangeProcessBar()
{
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
progressBar1.Value = i;
System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(500);
}
}
//调用WebMethod的Async方法
private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
// Web Service代理类
localhost.Service1 service = new localhost.Service1();
//这里开始异步调用
//service.GetProductPriceAsync("001");
service.GetStudentByStuNoAsync("002");
// 注册调用完成后的回调方法
service.GetStudentByStuNoCompleted += new localhost.GetStudentByStuNoCompletedEventHandler(GetStudentByStuNoCompleted);
//调用同时客户端处理不停止
ChangeProcessBar();
}
//完成事件
void GetStudentByStuNoCompleted(object sender, localhost.GetStudentByStuNoCompletedEventArgs e)
{
if (e.Error != null)
throw e.Error;
progressBar1.Value = progressBar1.Maximum; //调用完成了,把客户端进度条填充满
localhost.Student s = e.Result as localhost.Student; //获取处理结果
MessageBox.Show("学号:" + s.StuNo + ",姓名:" + s.StuName); //显示从服务器获取的结果值
}
}
}
运行结果:
![](http://hi.csdn.net/attachment/201012/13/0_1292260186aUAw.gif)