scala 模式匹配

1.常量模式

匹配常量

object Test {
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {

    def patternMatch(x:Any) =  x match {
      case 5 => println("五")
      case true => println("真")
      case "test" => println("字符串")
      case null => println("null值")
      case Nil => println("空列表")
      case _ => println("其他常量")
    }

    patternMatch(5)
    patternMatch(Nil)
  }
}

2.变量模式

最为常用的一种匹配方式

object Test {
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {

    def patternMatch(x: Any) = x match {
      case x if (x == 5) => println("五")
      case x if (x == "scala") => println("scala")
      case _ =>
    }

    patternMatch(5)
    patternMatch("Spark")
  }
}

3.构造器模式
package com.test

case class Person(name:String,age:Int)

object Test{
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {

    val p = new Person("sb",27)

    def patternMatch(p:Person) = p match {
      case Person(name,age) => println(name + ":" + age)
      case _ => println("Other")
    }

    patternMatch(p)
  }
}

4.序列模式
package com.test

object Test {
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {

    val list = List(1,2,3,4,5)
    val array = Array(1,2,3)

    def patternMatch(p:Any) = p match {
      //序列模式匹配，_*表示匹配剩余内容
      case Array(a,b,_*) => println(a + ":" + b)
      case List(_,c,_*) => println(c)
      case _ => println("Other")
    }

    patternMatch(array)
  }
}

5.元组(Tuple)模式
package com.test

object Test {
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {

    val t = ("Spark", "Hadoop", "Scala")

    def patternMatch(p: Any) = p match {
      case (one, _, _) => println(one)
      //_*不适用于元组，只适合于序列
      case _ => println("Other")
    }

    patternMatch(t)

  }
}

6.类型模式
package com.test

object Test {
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {

    def patternMatch(p: Any) = p match {
      case s:String => println("String")
      case s:Int => println("Int")
      case s:Double => println("Double")
      case _ => println("Other Type")
    }

    patternMatch(1.3)

  }
}

7.变量绑定模式
使用方式是在模式前面加变量和@符号
package com.test

object Test {
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {

    var t = List(1,List(2,3,4))
    
    def patternMatch(p: Any) = p match {
      case List(_,e@List(_,_,_)) => println(e)
      case _ => println(Nil)
    }

    patternMatch(t)

  }
}