Android数据存储3种方式

最新推荐文章于 2022-12-04 21:22:15 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2022-12-04 21:22:15 发布

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分类专栏： android基础

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/u013147860/article/details/64437745

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1、key-value 方式保存

①如果你想存储的数据是一个相对小的集合的键值，你可以使用SharedPreferences。

②使用：

定义布局：

activity_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context="com.james.datasave.MainActivity">

    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:onClick="onKeyValueSave"
        android:text="key-value save"/>
    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:onClick="onKeyValueRead"
        android:text="key-value read"/>
    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:onClick="onKeyValueClear"
        android:text="key-value clear"/>

</LinearLayout>

package com.james.datasave;

import android.content.Context;
import android.content.SharedPreferences;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    public static final String SP_NAME = "sp_name";
    public static final String SP_KEY = "sp_key";
    private String defValue = "this is defValue";
    private SharedPreferences sharedPreferences;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        sharedPreferences = getPreferences(Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
    }

    public void onKeyValueSave(View view) {
        SharedPreferences.Editor editor = sharedPreferences.edit();
        editor.putString(SP_KEY, "this is save content");
        editor.commit();

    }

    public void onKeyValueRead(View view) {
        String readValue = sharedPreferences.getString(SP_KEY, defValue);
        Toast.makeText(this, readValue, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }

    public void onKeyValueClear(View view){
        SharedPreferences.Editor editor = sharedPreferences.edit();
        editor.clear();
        editor.commit();
        Toast.makeText(this, "清除数据成功", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }
}

记得添加读写权限：

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>

2、文件保存

①适合于读或写大量的数据

②怎么使用？

定义布局：

activity_main.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context="com.james.datasave.MainActivity">

    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:onClick="onFileSave"
        android:text="文件保存"/>
    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:onClick="onFileRead"
        android:text="文件读取"/>
</LinearLayout>

package com.james.datasave;

import android.content.Context;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Looper;
import android.os.Message;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Toast;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;


public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private String filename = "myfile";
    private String handlerKey = "handlerKey";
    private Handler handler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper()){
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            super.handleMessage(msg);
            switch (msg.what){
                case 0:
                    Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"无数据",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    break;
                case 1:
                    String fileContent = msg.getData().getString(handlerKey);
                    Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,fileContent,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    break;
            }
        }
    };
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    }

   
    public void onFileSave(View view){
        new Thread(){
            @Override
            public void run() {
                saveFile();
            }
        }.start();

    }
    public void onFileRead(View view){
        new Thread(){
            @Override
            public void run() {
                readFile();
            }
        }.start();
    }

    private void saveFile(){

        String string = "Hello world!";
        FileOutputStream outputStream;
        try {
            outputStream = openFileOutput(filename, Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
            outputStream.write(string.getBytes());
            outputStream.close();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private void readFile(){
        File file = new File(getFilesDir(), filename);
        //如果有这个文件并且有内容就读取文件的内容，没有不做任何操作
        if(file != null && file.length() > 0){
            try {
                //把要读取的数据new 成一个FileInputStream,建一个字节，把读到的数据放到byte数组中，再从byte数组中取出数据放到StringBuilder
                FileInputStream inputStream = openFileInput(filename);
                byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
                int hasRead = 0;
                StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
                while ((hasRead = inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){
                    sb.append(new String(buffer,0,hasRead));
                }
                //把消息放到Bundle,再把Bundle放到Message,在用handler发送Message.
                Message message = new Message();
                Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
                bundle.putString(handlerKey,sb.toString());
                message.setData(bundle);
                message.what = 1;
                handler.sendMessage(message);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                handler.sendEmptyMessage(0);
            }
        }
    }
}

3、SQL保存

①数据复杂，或者涉及到查询比较复杂，可以使用SQLite来保存数据。

②怎么使用？

定义布局：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context="com.james.datasave.MainActivity">
    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/id_et_title"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
       />
    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/id_et_content"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
       />
    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:onClick="onSQLiteAdd"
        android:text="SQLite add"/>
    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:onClick="onSQLiteQuery"
        android:text="SQLite Query"/>
    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:onClick="onSQLiteDelete"
        android:text="SQLite delete"/>
    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:onClick="onSQLiteUpdate"
        android:text="SQLite update"/>


</LinearLayout>

FeedReaderContract.java

package com.james.datasave;

import android.provider.BaseColumns;

/**
 * Created by 1 on 2017/3/21.
 */

public class FeedReaderContract {
    public FeedReaderContract() {}

    /* Inner class that defines the table contents */
    public static abstract class FeedEntry implements BaseColumns {
        public static final String TABLE_NAME = "entry";//表名
        public static final String COLUMN_NAME_ENTRY_ID = "entryid";//列id
        public static final String COLUMN_NAME_TITLE = "title";//列名
        public static final String COLUMN_NAME_CONTENT = "subtitle";//主题
    }
}

上面是定义表结构

FeedReaderDbHelper.java

package com.james.datasave;

import android.content.Context;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper;

/**
 * Created by 1 on 2017/3/21.
 */

public class FeedReaderDbHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {
    private static final String TEXT_TYPE = " TEXT";//列中数据类型
    private static final String COMMA_SEP = ",";//
    private static final String SQL_CREATE_ENTRIES =
            "CREATE TABLE " + FeedReaderContract.FeedEntry.TABLE_NAME + " (" +
                    FeedReaderContract.FeedEntry._ID + " INTEGER PRIMARY KEY  autoincrement," +
                    FeedReaderContract.FeedEntry.COLUMN_NAME_ENTRY_ID + TEXT_TYPE + COMMA_SEP +
                    FeedReaderContract.FeedEntry.COLUMN_NAME_TITLE + TEXT_TYPE + COMMA_SEP + FeedReaderContract.FeedEntry.COLUMN_NAME_CONTENT + TEXT_TYPE+
            " )";//创建表语句

    private static final String SQL_DELETE_ENTRIES =
            "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS " + FeedReaderContract.FeedEntry.TABLE_NAME;//删除表，根据表名删除表
    public static final int DATABASE_VERSION = 2;//数据库的版本
    public static final String DATABASE_NAME = "FeedReader.db";//数据库名字

    public FeedReaderDbHelper(Context context) {
        super(context, DATABASE_NAME, null, DATABASE_VERSION);
    }
    public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
        db.execSQL(SQL_CREATE_ENTRIES);
    }
    public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
        // This database is only a cache for online data, so its upgrade policy is
        // to simply to discard the data and start over
        db.execSQL(SQL_DELETE_ENTRIES);
        onCreate(db);
    }
    public void onDowngrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
        onUpgrade(db, oldVersion, newVersion);
    }

}

引用：

package com.james.datasave;

import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.text.TextUtils;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.EditText;

import static android.R.attr.id;
import static com.james.datasave.FeedReaderContract.FeedEntry.TABLE_NAME;


public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private FeedReaderDbHelper mDbHelper;
    private  SQLiteDatabase db;
    private EditText etTitle;
    private EditText etContent;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        etTitle = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.id_et_title);
        etContent = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.id_et_content);
        //创建表（定义表的结构，执行创建表的语句）
        mDbHelper = new FeedReaderDbHelper(this);
        db = mDbHelper.getWritableDatabase();
        //增删改查


    }

    //增加数据
    public void onSQLiteAdd(View view) {
        new Thread(){
            @Override
            public void run() {
                super.run();
                saveData();
            }
        }.start();

    }

    //查找数据,把查找到的数据打印出来

    public void onSQLiteQuery(View view){

        String[] projection = {
                FeedReaderContract.FeedEntry._ID,
                FeedReaderContract.FeedEntry.COLUMN_NAME_TITLE,
                FeedReaderContract.FeedEntry.COLUMN_NAME_CONTENT,
    };
        String sortOrder =
                FeedReaderContract.FeedEntry.COLUMN_NAME_CONTENT + " DESC";

        Cursor cursor = db.query(TABLE_NAME,projection,null,null,null,null,sortOrder);
        while (cursor.moveToNext()){
            String id = cursor.getColumnName(0);
            String title = cursor.getString(1);
            String content = cursor.getString(2);
            Log.d("debug","id:"+id+";title:"+title+";content:"+content);
        }
        cursor.close();
    }

    public void onSQLiteDelete(View view){
        deleteData();
    }

    /**
     * 更新
     */
    public void onSQLiteUpdate(View view){
        new Thread(){
            @Override
            public void run() {
                super.run();
                updateData();
            }
        }.start();

    }
    private void updateData(){

        ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
        values.put(FeedReaderContract.FeedEntry.COLUMN_NAME_TITLE, "eerrrr");//更新的内容
        String selection = FeedReaderContract.FeedEntry.COLUMN_NAME_CONTENT + " LIKE ?";
        String[] selectionArgs = { String.valueOf("hh") };//内容是hh这一列

        int count = db.update(TABLE_NAME,
                values,
                selection,
                selectionArgs);//更新内容是hh这一列的title为eerrrr。得保证你有hh这个内容。
    }
    private void deleteData(){
        //获取
        String selection = FeedReaderContract.FeedEntry.COLUMN_NAME_TITLE + " LIKE ?";
        String[] selectionArgs = { String.valueOf("ww") };//根据COLUMN_NAME_TITLE 为ww的删除


        db.delete(TABLE_NAME, selection, selectionArgs);
    }
    private void saveData(){
        if(etTitle == null || etContent == null || TextUtils.isEmpty(etTitle.getText()) || TextUtils.isEmpty(etContent.getText())){
            return;
        }
        String title = etTitle.getText().toString();
        String content = etContent.getText().toString();
        if(!TextUtils.isEmpty(title) && !TextUtils.isEmpty(content)) {
            SQLiteDatabase db = mDbHelper.getWritableDatabase();
            ContentValues values = new ContentValues();

            values.put(FeedReaderContract.FeedEntry.COLUMN_NAME_ENTRY_ID, id);
            values.put(FeedReaderContract.FeedEntry.COLUMN_NAME_TITLE, title);
            values.put(FeedReaderContract.FeedEntry.COLUMN_NAME_CONTENT, content);
            db.insert(TABLE_NAME, FeedReaderContract.FeedEntry.COLUMN_NAME_ENTRY_ID, values);
            Log.d("debug","title:"+title+";content:"+content);
//                    Toast.makeText(this, "添加成功", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    }
}