python 设计模式-访问者模式

访问者模式中的主要角色有访问者、元素、对象结构，目的是为了将对象数据和操作进行分离，特别适用于对象结构稳定但是操作经常变化的情况。示例代码如下：

from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod


class Element(metaclass=ABCMeta):
    @abstractmethod
    def accept(self, visitor):
        pass
    

class ElementA(Element):
    def accept(self, visitor):
        visitor.visit(self)
    
    def oper(self):
        print('oper in ElementA')


class ElementB(Element):
    def accept(self, visitor):
        visitor.visit(self)
 
    def oper(self):
        print('oper in ElementB')


class Visitor(metaclass=ABCMeta):
    @abstractmethod
    def visit(self, element):
        pass
    

class VisitorA(Visitor):
    def visit(self, element):
        print('Visit by VisitorA')
        element.oper()


class VisitorB(Visitor):
    def visit(self, element):
        print('Visit by VisitorB')
        element.oper()


class ObjectStruct(list):

    def accept(self, visitor):
        for e in self:
            e.accept(visitor)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    o = ObjectStruct()
    o.append(ElementA())
    o.append(ElementB())
    o.accept(VisitorA())
    o.accept(VisitorB())

输出

Visit by VisitorA
oper in ElementA
Visit by VisitorA
oper in ElementB
Visit by VisitorB
oper in ElementA
Visit by VisitorB
oper in ElementB