Junit + Mockito 使用资料整理

1、简单介绍

junit，验证实际调用结果，可以断点调试，也可以检查代码覆盖率
mockito，mock测试框架的一种，可以用来mock外部接口服务和数据，并非真实调用，辅助完成数据mock来验证流程

2、学习资料

Mockito官网
https://site.mockito.org
B站汪文君Mockito视频讲解
https://www.bilibili.com/video/av67760177

3、环境配置

版本号可以自己适配

<!-- junit -->
<dependency>
 <groupId>junit</groupId>
 <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
 <version>4.8.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- mockito -->
<dependency>
 <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
 <artifactId>mockito-all</artifactId>
 <version>1.10.19</version>
 <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

4、测试代码结构及实例

基础测试类，通过注解配置Junit+Mockito测试环境

/**
 * created by guanjian on 2019/11/4 10:54
 */
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration("/spring-config.xml")
public class BaseTest {
 
    @BeforeClass
    public static void init() {
 
    }
 
    @Before
    public void initMocks() {
        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
    }
}

具体测试类

@InjectMocks 真实执行，针对实现类使用，不能作用在接口上

@Mock 非真实执行，针对Mock类进行虚拟

@Spy 真实执行

/**
 * created by guanjian on 2019/11/4 9:20
 */
public class ChsiServiceTest extends BaseTest {
    private final static Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ChsiServiceTest.class);
 
    @InjectMocks
    private ChsiServiceImpl chsiService;
    @Mock
    private CampusVerifyFlowResource campusVerifyFlowResourceJSF;
    @Mock
    private H5CampusStudentAuthResource h5CampusStudentAuthResourceJSF;
    @Mock
    private BizCacheService bizCacheService;
    @Spy
    private ChsiAuthResultVo mqVo;
 
    @Before
    public void initMqVo() {
        mqVo.setZxs("1");
        mqVo.setReqId(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
        mqVo.setAuth("1");
    }
 
    @Test
    public void test_handleChsiAuthResult() {
        String pin = "testPin";
        StudentActivationRes studentActivationResSucc = new StudentActivationRes();
        com.jd.jr.baitiao.campus.export.vo.result.Result resultSucc = new com.jd.jr.baitiao.campus.export.vo.result.Result();
        resultSucc.setCode("CSA_SA_00");
        studentActivationResSucc.setResult(resultSucc);
 
        StudentActivationRes studentActivationResFail = new StudentActivationRes();
        com.jd.jr.baitiao.campus.export.vo.result.Result resultFail = new com.jd.jr.baitiao.campus.export.vo.result.Result();
        resultFail.setCode("CSA_SA_01");
        studentActivationResFail.setResult(resultFail);
 
        when(bizCacheService.getChsiPinByReqId(anyString())).thenReturn(pin, pin, pin);
        when(campusVerifyFlowResourceJSF.updateCampusVerifyFlow(any(CampusVerifyFlowUpdateReq.class))).thenReturn(Result.buildSuccessResult(), Result.buildErrorResult("0001", "失败"), Result.buildSuccessResult());
        when(h5CampusStudentAuthResourceJSF.studentActivation(any(StudentActivationReq.class))).thenReturn(studentActivationResSucc, studentActivationResFail, studentActivationResSucc);
        doNothing().when(bizCacheService).delChsiPinReqId(pin);
 
        //正常流程
        LOGGER.info("结果MQ处理开始。mqVo:{}", GsonUtils.toJson(mqVo));
        chsiService.handleChsiAuthResult(mqVo);
        LOGGER.info("结果MQ处理结束。");
        //流水失败
        LOGGER.info("结果MQ处理开始。mqVo:{}", GsonUtils.toJson(mqVo));
        try {
            chsiService.handleChsiAuthResult(mqVo);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            Assert.assertThat("更新流水失败", e, instanceOf(IllegalArgumentException.class));
        }
        LOGGER.info("结果MQ处理结束。");
        //激活学生身份失败
        LOGGER.info("结果MQ处理开始。mqVo:{}", GsonUtils.toJson(mqVo));
        try {
            chsiService.handleChsiAuthResult(mqVo);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            Assert.assertThat("激活失败", e, instanceOf(IllegalArgumentException.class));
        }
        LOGGER.info("MQ处理结束。");
    }
 
    /**
     * 验证mq
     *
     * @description [auth、reqId]不为空。
     * [auth]必须是0或1或3。
     * [zxs]必须是0或1或空。
     */
    @Test
    public void test_checkMessageBody() {
        //[auth、reqId]不为空。
        ChsiAuthResultVo vo = new ChsiAuthResultVo();
        vo.setAuth(null);
        vo.setReqId(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
        try {
            LOGGER.info("请求开始。req：{}", GsonUtils.toJson(vo));
            chsiService.handleChsiAuthResult(vo);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            assertThat(e, instanceOf(IllegalArgumentException.class));
        } finally {
            vo = new ChsiAuthResultVo();
        }
 
        vo.setAuth("1");
        vo.setReqId(null);
        try {
            LOGGER.info("请求开始。req：{}", GsonUtils.toJson(vo));
            chsiService.handleChsiAuthResult(vo);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            assertThat(e, instanceOf(IllegalArgumentException.class));
        }
 
        vo.setAuth(null);
        vo.setReqId(null);
        try {
            LOGGER.info("请求开始。req：{}", GsonUtils.toJson(vo));
            chsiService.handleChsiAuthResult(vo);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            assertThat(e, instanceOf(IllegalArgumentException.class));
        }
 
        vo.setAuth("1");
        vo.setReqId(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
        try {
            LOGGER.info("请求开始。req：{}", GsonUtils.toJson(vo));
            chsiService.handleChsiAuthResult(vo);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            assertThat(e, instanceOf(IllegalArgumentException.class));
        }
 
        //[auth]必须是0或1或3。
        vo.setAuth("5");
        vo.setReqId(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
        vo.setZxs(null);
        try {
            LOGGER.info("请求开始。req：{}", GsonUtils.toJson(vo));
            chsiService.handleChsiAuthResult(vo);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            assertThat(e, instanceOf(IllegalArgumentException.class));
        }
 
        //[zxs]必须是0或1或空。
        vo.setAuth("0");
        vo.setReqId(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
        vo.setZxs("5");
        try {
            LOGGER.info("请求开始。req：{}", GsonUtils.toJson(vo));
            chsiService.handleChsiAuthResult(vo);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            assertThat(e, instanceOf(IllegalArgumentException.class));
        }
    }
}

5、测试用例代码覆盖率

1、首先找到IDEA工具中Edit Configuration选项

2、点击小加号，选择Junit

3、配置Junit中的Configuration基础配置，定位要运行的项目，参考下图，选择项目路径

4、配置Junit中的Code Coverage，按照包名去匹配检查覆盖率，参考下图，我们要检查web和service包下代码覆盖率

5、以上步骤配置完成Junit和检查规则，切回到主视图，选择配置的Junit，点击下图运行按钮，开始跑测试用例

6、运行完成后，可以在控制台看到检查结果，运行的测试方法数，成功数，失败数。

7、IDEA右侧视图会显示我们的Junit配置检查规则下代码覆盖率情况，有三个维度，类、方法、行，我们关注方法这栏即可，web覆盖100%，service覆盖60%。点击进入可以看到每个包目录下更细致的覆盖情况，一般像缓存方法的api我们可以忽略，mock方法执行的不会实际执行会影响覆盖率，执行失败的方法也会影响覆盖率。