uboot nand flash 流程

uboot nand flash 启动 流程

1、initr_nand

首先在board_r.c中，initr_nand函数正式进入nand flash的初始化等操作。

static int initr_nand(void)
{
	puts("NAND:  ");
	nand_init();
	return 0;
}

2、nand_init

之后进入nand_init函数，该函数位于drivers\mtd\nand文件中的nand.c文件中，由于CONFIG_SYS_NAND_SELF_INIT未定义，所以后续调用nand_init_chip函数。

void nand_init(void)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_SYS_NAND_SELF_INIT//未定义
	board_nand_init();
#else
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < CONFIG_SYS_MAX_NAND_DEVICE; i++)//初始化板上nand flash
		nand_init_chip(i);
#endif

	printf("%lu MiB\n", total_nand_size / 1024);

#ifdef CONFIG_SYS_NAND_SELECT_DEVICE
	/*
	 * Select the chip in the board/cpu specific driver
	 */
	board_nand_select_device(nand_info[nand_curr_device].priv, nand_curr_device);
#endif
}

3、nand_init_chip

而nand_init_chip同样位于drivers\mtd\nand文件中的nand.c文件中，该函数调用初始化函数，给mtd和nand两个结构体赋值，首先调用board_nand_init函数

#ifndef CONFIG_SYS_NAND_SELF_INIT
static void nand_init_chip(int i)
{
	struct mtd_info *mtd = &nand_info[i];//该结构体位于\include\linux\mtd文件中的mtd.h文件中
	struct nand_chip *nand = &nand_chip[i];//该结构体位于\include\linux\mtd文件中的nand.h文件中
	ulong base_addr = base_address[i];
	int maxchips = CONFIG_SYS_NAND_MAX_CHIPS;

	if (maxchips < 1)
		maxchips = 1;

	mtd->priv = nand;
	nand->IO_ADDR_R = nand->IO_ADDR_W = (void  __iomem *)base_addr;

	if (board_nand_init(nand))
		return;

	if (nand_scan(mtd, maxchips))
		return;

	nand_register(i);
}
#endif

4.1、board_nand_init

函数主要初始化开发板相关与nand_flash的寄存器，和绑定nand_chip结构体中的调用函数，由于不同开发板调用函数不同，所以该函数内部赋值会不一样，本次使用的是NXP MX6ULL开发板，调用的是mxs_nand.c中的函数,其中关于带有ECC的读写函数和ECC的模式，**这里使用的是硬件自带ECC，每512字节需要9字节的ECC数据，最大可纠正8bit数据。**而不同的flash，会规定不同的nand flash ECC，这里规定每最少需要纠正4bit数据，需要用512Byte数据+4Byte备用数据和8字节奇偶校验数据。所以uboot中的ECC符合nand flash 最低ECC 标准。

int board_nand_init(struct nand_chip *nand)
{
	struct mxs_nand_info *nand_info;
	int err;

	nand_info = malloc(sizeof(struct mxs_nand_info));
	if (!nand_info) {
		printf("MXS NAND: Failed to allocate private data\n");
		return -ENOMEM;
	}
	memset(nand_info, 0, sizeof(struct mxs_nand_info));

	err = mxs_nand_alloc_buffers(nand_info);
	if (err)
		goto err1;

	err = mxs_nand_init(nand_info);
	if (err)
		goto err2;

	memset(&fake_ecc_layout, 0, sizeof(fake_ecc_layout));

	nand->priv = nand_info;
	nand->options |= NAND_NO_SUBPAGE_WRITE;

	nand->cmd_ctrl		= mxs_nand_cmd_ctrl;

	nand->dev_ready		= mxs_nand_device_ready;
	nand->select_chip	= mxs_nand_select_chip;
	nand->block_bad		= mxs_nand_block_bad;
	nand->scan_bbt		= mxs_nand_scan_bbt;

	nand->read_byte		= mxs_nand_read_byte;

	nand->read_buf		= mxs_nand_read_buf;
	nand->write_buf		= mxs_nand_write_buf;

	nand->ecc.read_page	= mxs_nand_ecc_read_page;
	nand->ecc.write_page	= mxs_nand_ecc_write_page;
	nand->ecc.read_oob	= mxs_nand_ecc_read_oob;
	nand->ecc.write_oob	= mxs_nand_ecc_write_oob;
	
	nand->ecc.layout	= &fake_ecc_layout;
	nand->ecc.mode		= NAND_ECC_HW;
	nand->ecc.bytes		= 9;
	nand->ecc.size		= 512;
	nand->ecc.strength	= 8;

	return 0;

err2:
	free(nand_info->data_buf);
	free(nand_info->cmd_buf);
err1:
	free(nand_info);
	return err;
}

4.1.1 mxs_nand_init

其中mxs_nand_init主要配置nand flash相关的硬件寄存器，GMPI和BCH寄存器。

int mxs_nand_init(struct mxs_nand_info *info)
{
	struct mxs_gpmi_regs *gpmi_regs =
		(struct mxs_gpmi_regs *)MXS_GPMI_BASE;
	struct mxs_bch_regs *bch_regs =
		(struct mxs_bch_regs *)MXS_BCH_BASE;
	int i = 0, j, ret = 0;

#ifdef CONFIG_MX6
	if (check_module_fused(MX6_MODULE_GPMI)) {
		printf("NAND GPMI@0x%x is fused, disable it\n", MXS_GPMI_BASE);
		return -EPERM;
	}
#endif

	info->desc = malloc(sizeof(struct mxs_dma_desc *) *
				MXS_NAND_DMA_DESCRIPTOR_COUNT);  //MXS_NAND_DMA_DESCRIPTOR_COUNT = 4
	if (!info->desc) {
		ret = -ENOMEM;
		goto err1;
	}

	/* Allocate the DMA descriptors. */
	for (i = 0; i < MXS_NAND_DMA_DESCRIPTOR_COUNT; i++) {
		info->desc[i] = mxs_dma_desc_alloc();
		if (!info->desc[i]) {
			ret = -ENOMEM;
			goto err2;
		}
	}

	/* Init the DMA controller. */
	for (j = MXS_DMA_CHANNEL_AHB_APBH_GPMI0;
		j <= MXS_DMA_CHANNEL_AHB_APBH_GPMI7; j++) {
		ret = mxs_dma_init_channel(j);
		if (ret)
			goto err3;
	}

	/* Reset the GPMI block. */
	mxs_reset_block(&gpmi_regs->hw_gpmi_ctrl0_reg);
	mxs_reset_block(&bch_regs->hw_bch_ctrl_reg);

	/*
	 * Choose NAND mode, set IRQ polarity, disable write protection and
	 * select BCH ECC.
	 */
	 //设置GPMI_CTRL1n寄存器
	clrsetbits_le32(&gpmi_regs->hw_gpmi_ctrl1,
			GPMI_CTRL1_GPMI_MODE,
			GPMI_CTRL1_ATA_IRQRDY_POLARITY | GPMI_CTRL1_DEV_RESET |
			GPMI_CTRL1_BCH_MODE);

	return 0;

err3:
	for (--j; j >= MXS_DMA_CHANNEL_AHB_APBH_GPMI0; j--)
		mxs_dma_release(j);
err2:
	for (--i; i >= 0; i--)
		mxs_dma_desc_free(info->desc[i]);
	free(info->desc);
err1:
	if (ret == -ENOMEM)
		printf("MXS NAND: Unable to allocate DMA descriptors\n");
	return ret;
}

4.2 nand_init_chip

函数中还有nand_scan函数，扫描NAND设备，读取flash ID，并在mtd_info结构中填充相关的值。

int nand_scan(struct mtd_info *mtd, int maxchips)
{
	int ret;

	/* Many callers got this wrong, so check for it for a while... */
	if (!mtd->owner && caller_is_module()) {
		pr_crit("%s called with NULL mtd->owner!\n", __func__);
		BUG();
	}

	ret = nand_scan_ident(mtd, maxchips, NULL);
	if (!ret)
		ret = nand_scan_tail(mtd);
	return ret;
}

4.2.1 nand_scan_ident

函数就是具体实施read id和设置MTD结构体

int nand_scan_ident(struct mtd_info *mtd, int maxchips,
		    struct nand_flash_dev *table)
{
	int i, nand_maf_id, nand_dev_id;
	struct nand_chip *chip = mtd->priv;
	struct nand_flash_dev *type;

	/* Set the default functions */
	nand_set_defaults(chip, chip->options & NAND_BUSWIDTH_16);//如果nand chip结构体没有赋值，设置为默认值

	/* Read the flash type */
	type = nand_get_flash_type(mtd, chip, &nand_maf_id,
				   &nand_dev_id, table); //read id 确认flash 类型

	if (IS_ERR(type)) {
		if (!(chip->options & NAND_SCAN_SILENT_NODEV))
			pr_warn("No NAND device found\n");
		chip->select_chip(mtd, -1);
		return PTR_ERR(type);
	}

	chip->select_chip(mtd, -1);
	//再次确认ID
	/* Check for a chip array */
	for (i = 1; i < maxchips; i++) {
		chip->select_chip(mtd, i);
		/* See comment in nand_get_flash_type for reset */
		chip->cmdfunc(mtd, NAND_CMD_RESET, -1, -1);
		/* Send the command for reading device ID */
		chip->cmdfunc(mtd, NAND_CMD_READID, 0x00, -1);
		/* Read manufacturer and device IDs */
		if (nand_maf_id != chip->read_byte(mtd) ||
		    nand_dev_id != chip->read_byte(mtd)) {
			chip->select_chip(mtd, -1);
			break;
		}
		chip->select_chip(mtd, -1);
	}

#ifdef DEBUG
	if (i > 1)
		pr_info("%d chips detected\n", i);
#endif

	/* Store the number of chips and calc total size for mtd */
	chip->numchips = i;
	mtd->size = i * chip->chipsize;

	return 0;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(nand_scan_ident);

4.2.2 nand_scan_tail

函数就是初始化oob区、ecc校验相关参数和函数指针、初始化MTD驱动接口函数、调用nand_bbt()创建坏块表。

/**
 * nand_scan_tail - [NAND Interface] Scan for the NAND device
 * @mtd: MTD device structure
 *
 * This is the second phase of the normal nand_scan() function. It fills out
 * all the uninitialized function pointers with the defaults and scans for a
 * bad block table if appropriate.
 */
int nand_scan_tail(struct mtd_info *mtd)
{
	int i;
	struct nand_chip *chip = mtd->priv;
	struct nand_ecc_ctrl *ecc = &chip->ecc;
	struct nand_buffers *nbuf;

	/* New bad blocks should be marked in OOB, flash-based BBT, or both */
	BUG_ON((chip->bbt_options & NAND_BBT_NO_OOB_BBM) &&
			!(chip->bbt_options & NAND_BBT_USE_FLASH));

	if (!(chip->options & NAND_OWN_BUFFERS)) {
		nbuf = kzalloc(sizeof(struct nand_buffers), GFP_KERNEL);
		chip->buffers = nbuf;
	} else {
		if (!chip->buffers)
			return -ENOMEM;
	}

	/* Set the internal oob buffer location, just after the page data */
	chip->oob_poi = chip->buffers->databuf + mtd->writesize;

	/*
	 * If no default placement scheme is given, select an appropriate one.
	 */
	if (!ecc->layout && (ecc->mode != NAND_ECC_SOFT_BCH)) {
		switch (mtd->oobsize) {
		case 8:
			ecc->layout = &nand_oob_8;
			break;
		case 16:
			ecc->layout = &nand_oob_16;
			break;
		case 64:
			ecc->layout = &nand_oob_64;
			break;
		case 128:
			ecc->layout = &nand_oob_128;
			break;
		default:
			pr_warn("No oob scheme defined for oobsize %d\n",
				   mtd->oobsize);
			BUG();
		}
	}

	if (!chip->write_page)
		chip->write_page = nand_write_page;

	/*
	 * Check ECC mode, default to software if 3byte/512byte hardware ECC is
	 * selected and we have 256 byte pagesize fallback to software ECC
	 */

	switch (ecc->mode) {
	case NAND_ECC_HW_OOB_FIRST:
		/* Similar to NAND_ECC_HW, but a separate read_page handle */
		if (!ecc->calculate || !ecc->correct || !ecc->hwctl) {
			pr_warn("No ECC functions supplied; hardware ECC not possible\n");
			BUG();
		}
		if (!ecc->read_page)
			ecc->read_page = nand_read_page_hwecc_oob_first;

	case NAND_ECC_HW:
		/* Use standard hwecc read page function? */
		if (!ecc->read_page)
			ecc->read_page = nand_read_page_hwecc;
		if (!ecc->write_page)
			ecc->write_page = nand_write_page_hwecc;
		if (!ecc->read_page_raw)
			ecc->read_page_raw = nand_read_page_raw;
		if (!ecc->write_page_raw)
			ecc->write_page_raw = nand_write_page_raw;
		if (!ecc->read_oob)
			ecc->read_oob = nand_read_oob_std;
		if (!ecc->write_oob)
			ecc->write_oob = nand_write_oob_std;
		if (!ecc->read_subpage)
			ecc->read_subpage = nand_read_subpage;
		if (!ecc->write_subpage)
			ecc->write_subpage = nand_write_subpage_hwecc;

	case NAND_ECC_HW_SYNDROME:
		if ((!ecc->calculate || !ecc->correct || !ecc->hwctl) &&
		    (!ecc->read_page ||
		     ecc->read_page == nand_read_page_hwecc ||
		     !ecc->write_page ||
		     ecc->write_page == nand_write_page_hwecc)) {
			pr_warn("No ECC functions supplied; hardware ECC not possible\n");
			BUG();
		}
		/* Use standard syndrome read/write page function? */
		if (!ecc->read_page)
			ecc->read_page = nand_read_page_syndrome;
		if (!ecc->write_page)
			ecc->write_page = nand_write_page_syndrome;
		if (!ecc->read_page_raw)
			ecc->read_page_raw = nand_read_page_raw_syndrome;
		if (!ecc->write_page_raw)
			ecc->write_page_raw = nand_write_page_raw_syndrome;
		if (!ecc->read_oob)
			ecc->read_oob = nand_read_oob_syndrome;
		if (!ecc->write_oob)
			ecc->write_oob = nand_write_oob_syndrome;

		if (mtd->writesize >= ecc->size) {
			if (!ecc->strength) {
				pr_warn("Driver must set ecc.strength when using hardware ECC\n");
				BUG();
			}
			break;
		}
		pr_warn("%d byte HW ECC not possible on %d byte page size, fallback to SW ECC\n",
			ecc->size, mtd->writesize);
		ecc->mode = NAND_ECC_SOFT;

	case NAND_ECC_SOFT:
		ecc->calculate = nand_calculate_ecc;
		ecc->correct = nand_correct_data;
		ecc->read_page = nand_read_page_swecc;
		ecc->read_subpage = nand_read_subpage;
		ecc->write_page = nand_write_page_swecc;
		ecc->read_page_raw = nand_read_page_raw;
		ecc->write_page_raw = nand_write_page_raw;
		ecc->read_oob = nand_read_oob_std;
		ecc->write_oob = nand_write_oob_std;
		if (!ecc->size)
			ecc->size = 256;
		ecc->bytes = 3;
		ecc->strength = 1;
		break;

	case NAND_ECC_SOFT_BCH:
		if (!mtd_nand_has_bch()) {
			pr_warn("CONFIG_MTD_NAND_ECC_BCH not enabled\n");
			BUG();
		}
		ecc->calculate = nand_bch_calculate_ecc;
		ecc->correct = nand_bch_correct_data;
		ecc->read_page = nand_read_page_swecc;
		ecc->read_subpage = nand_read_subpage;
		ecc->write_page = nand_write_page_swecc;
		ecc->read_page_raw = nand_read_page_raw;
		ecc->write_page_raw = nand_write_page_raw;
		ecc->read_oob = nand_read_oob_std;
		ecc->write_oob = nand_write_oob_std;
		/*
		 * Board driver should supply ecc.size and ecc.strength values
		 * to select how many bits are correctable. Otherwise, default
		 * to 4 bits for large page devices.
		 */
		if (!ecc->size && (mtd->oobsize >= 64)) {
			ecc->size = 512;
			ecc->strength = 4;
		}

		/* See nand_bch_init() for details. */
		ecc->bytes = DIV_ROUND_UP(
				ecc->strength * fls(8 * ecc->size), 8);
		ecc->priv = nand_bch_init(mtd, ecc->size, ecc->bytes,
					       &ecc->layout);
		if (!ecc->priv) {
			pr_warn("BCH ECC initialization failed!\n");
			BUG();
		}
		break;

	case NAND_ECC_NONE:
		pr_warn("NAND_ECC_NONE selected by board driver. This is not recommended!\n");
		ecc->read_page = nand_read_page_raw;
		ecc->write_page = nand_write_page_raw;
		ecc->read_oob = nand_read_oob_std;
		ecc->read_page_raw = nand_read_page_raw;
		ecc->write_page_raw = nand_write_page_raw;
		ecc->write_oob = nand_write_oob_std;
		ecc->size = mtd->writesize;
		ecc->bytes = 0;
		ecc->strength = 0;
		break;

	default:
		pr_warn("Invalid NAND_ECC_MODE %d\n", ecc->mode);
		BUG();
	}

	/* For many systems, the standard OOB write also works for raw */
	if (!ecc->read_oob_raw)
		ecc->read_oob_raw = ecc->read_oob;
	if (!ecc->write_oob_raw)
		ecc->write_oob_raw = ecc->write_oob;

	/*
	 * The number of bytes available for a client to place data into
	 * the out of band area.
	 */
	ecc->layout->oobavail = 0;
	for (i = 0; ecc->layout->oobfree[i].length
			&& i < ARRAY_SIZE(ecc->layout->oobfree); i++)
		ecc->layout->oobavail += ecc->layout->oobfree[i].length;
	mtd->oobavail = ecc->layout->oobavail;

	/* ECC sanity check: warn if it's too weak */
	if (!nand_ecc_strength_good(mtd))
		pr_warn("WARNING: %s: the ECC used on your system is too weak compared to the one required by the NAND chip\n",
			mtd->name);

	/*
	 * Set the number of read / write steps for one page depending on ECC
	 * mode.
	 */
	ecc->steps = mtd->writesize / ecc->size;
	if (ecc->steps * ecc->size != mtd->writesize) {
		pr_warn("Invalid ECC parameters\n");
		BUG();
	}
	ecc->total = ecc->steps * ecc->bytes;

	/* Allow subpage writes up to ecc.steps. Not possible for MLC flash */
	if (!(chip->options & NAND_NO_SUBPAGE_WRITE) && nand_is_slc(chip)) {
		switch (ecc->steps) {
		case 2:
			mtd->subpage_sft = 1;
			break;
		case 4:
		case 8:
		case 16:
			mtd->subpage_sft = 2;
			break;
		}
	}
	chip->subpagesize = mtd->writesize >> mtd->subpage_sft;

	/* Initialize state */
	chip->state = FL_READY;

	/* Invalidate the pagebuffer reference */
	chip->pagebuf = -1;

	/* Large page NAND with SOFT_ECC should support subpage reads */
	switch (ecc->mode) {
	case NAND_ECC_SOFT:
	case NAND_ECC_SOFT_BCH:
		if (chip->page_shift > 9)
			chip->options |= NAND_SUBPAGE_READ;
		break;

	default:
		break;
	}

	/* Fill in remaining MTD driver data */
	mtd->type = nand_is_slc(chip) ? MTD_NANDFLASH : MTD_MLCNANDFLASH;
	mtd->flags = (chip->options & NAND_ROM) ? MTD_CAP_ROM :
						MTD_CAP_NANDFLASH;
	mtd->_erase = nand_erase;
	mtd->_read = nand_read;
	mtd->_write = nand_write;
	mtd->_panic_write = panic_nand_write;
	mtd->_read_oob = nand_read_oob;
	mtd->_write_oob = nand_write_oob;
	mtd->_sync = nand_sync;
	mtd->_lock = NULL;
	mtd->_unlock = NULL;
	mtd->_block_isreserved = nand_block_isreserved;
	mtd->_block_isbad = nand_block_isbad;
	mtd->_block_markbad = nand_block_markbad;
	mtd->writebufsize = mtd->writesize;

	/* propagate ecc info to mtd_info */
	mtd->ecclayout = ecc->layout;
	mtd->ecc_strength = ecc->strength;
	mtd->ecc_step_size = ecc->size;
	/*
	 * Initialize bitflip_threshold to its default prior scan_bbt() call.
	 * scan_bbt() might invoke mtd_read(), thus bitflip_threshold must be
	 * properly set.
	 */
	if (!mtd->bitflip_threshold)
		mtd->bitflip_threshold = DIV_ROUND_UP(mtd->ecc_strength * 3, 4);

	return 0;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(nand_scan_tail);