RMAN常用备份操作

--RMAN常用备份操作


--备份参数文件，spfile
backup spfile;
backup spfile format '/bak/sp.bmp';
backup spfile format '+db/sp.ora';
backup as copy spfile;
backup as copy spfile format '...'; --印象副本
当控制文件自动备份打开，也会自动备份spfile
backup full database；
backup database；


RMAN> backup spfile;


Starting backup at 13-DEC-16
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=50 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 13-DEC-16
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 13-DEC-16
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD2/backupset/2016_12_13/o1_mf_nnsnf_TAG20161213T154946_d4zb0twm_.bkp tag=TAG20161213T154946 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 13-DEC-16      --自动创建的备份文件名字中包含s




--备份控制文件
控制文件虽然有多个，但是ckpt实际上只写一个控制文件，为当前控制文件。
backup current controlfile；
backup current controlfile format '...；
backup as copy current controlfile;
自动控制文件备份
backup database;
backup full database;




--备份数据文件
1.表空间备份
backup tablespace users,example;
backup tablespace system;
backup as copy tablespace users;
2.数据文件备份
backup datafile 2,3;
backup datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/example01.dbf';
backup as copy datafile 4;
3.所有数据文件备份
backup database;
backup full database;  包括所有的datafile，当前controlfile，spfile
backup database format '...%U...';
4.归档日志备份
backup archive log all;
backup archive log all delete input; 归档日志备份到备份路径后删除已经备份的归档日志。
5.所有数据文件，控制文件，参数文件，归档日志备份
backup database plus archivelog;
backup database plus archivelog delete input;
backup full database plus archivelog delete input;
6.
backup recovery area;
backup recovery files;




--增量备份
cumulative 累积增量  计算时减一
incremental 差异增量
backup incremantal level 0|1|2|3|… database|datafile|tablespace format '...';
backup cumulative incremantal level 0|1|2|3|… database|datafile|tablespace format '...';