python中的装饰器,函数带参数的装饰器,带类参数的装饰器

其实,python 中的装饰器本质上就是一个函数,这个函数接收其他的函数作为参数,并将其以一个全新的修改后的函数替换它
关于装饰器的知识是python面试中比较常见的,对于装饰器的理解可以看这篇文章:理解Python中的装饰器,理解之后,再手写一遍下面的8种装饰器加深理解以后使用就更轻松多了!

1.最简单的函数

def myfunc()
	print "i am a function"

myfunc()

2.初步了解装饰函数的调用结构

在函数执行前和执行后分别计时,打印函数运行消耗的时间

import datetime
import time
def out(fun):
	start = datetime.datetime.now()
	fun()
	end = datetime.datetime.now()
	print (end-start)
	return fun
def inner():
    time.sleep(1)
    print ("i am inner func")

myfunc = out

myfunc(inner)

3.尝试引用@语法糖来调用装饰函数

import datetime,time
def out(func):
    start =datetime.datetime.now()
    func()
    end = datetime.datetime.now()
    print(end-start)
    return func

@out
def myfunc():
    time.sleep(1)
    print("zhangkun inner")

4.使用内嵌的包装函数

使用内嵌包装函数来确保每次新函数都被调用,内嵌包装函数的形参和返回值与原函数相同,装饰函数返回内嵌包装函数对象

import datetime,time

def out(func):
    def inner():
        start = datetime.datetime.now()
        func()
        end = datetime.datetime.now()
        print(end-start)
        print("out and inner")
    return inner

@out
def myfunc():
    time.sleep(1)
    print("zhangkun")

myfunc()

5.对带参数的函数使用装饰器

内嵌包装函数的形参和返回值与原函数相同，装饰函数返回内嵌包装函数对象

import datetime,time

def out(func):
    def inner(*args):
        start = datetime.datetime.now()
        func(*args)
        end = datetime.datetime.now()
        print(end-start)
        print("out and inner")
    return inner

@out
def myfunc(*args):
    time.sleep(1)
    print("args is{}".format(args))

myfunc("lalalal")

6.给装饰器参数

和上一示例相比在外层多了一层包装

#coding:utf-8
def outermost(*args):
	def out(func):
		print ("装饰器参数{}".format(args))
		def inner(*args):
			print("innet start")
			func(*args)
			print ("inner end")
		return inner
	return out

@outermost(666)
def myfun(*args):
	print ("试试装饰器和函数都带参数的情况,被装饰的函数参数{}".format(args))

myfun("zhangkun")

7.带类参数的装饰器

class locker:
    def __init__(self):
        print("locker.__init__() should be not called")

    @staticmethod
    def acquire():
        print("locker.acquire() static method be called")

    @staticmethod
    def release():
        print("locker.release() static method be called")

def outermost(cls):
    def out(func):
        def inner():
            cls.acquire()
            func()
            cls.release()
        return inner
    return out

@outermost(locker)
def myfunc():
    print("myfunc called")

myfunc()

8.对一个函数应用多个装饰器

class mylocker:
    def __init__(self):
        print("mylocker.__init__() called.")

    @staticmethod
    def acquire():
        print("mylocker.acquire() called.")

    @staticmethod
    def unlock():
        print("  mylocker.unlock() called.")

class lockerex(mylocker):
    @staticmethod
    def acquire():
        print("lockerex.acquire() called.")

    @staticmethod
    def unlock():
        print("  lockerex.unlock() called.")

def lockhelper(cls):
    def _deco(func):
        def __deco2(*args, **kwargs):
            print("before %s called." % func.__name__)
            cls.acquire()
            try:
                return func(*args, **kwargs)
            finally:
                cls.unlock()
        return __deco2
    return _deco

class example:
    @lockhelper(mylocker)
    @lockhelper(lockerex)
    def myfunc2(self, a, b):
        print(" myfunc2() called.")
        print(a+b)

a = example()
a.myfunc2(1,2)

9.作为一个类

虽然装饰器几乎总是可以用函数实现,但是在某些情况下,使用用户自定义的类可能会更好,如果装饰器需要复杂的参数化或者依赖特定状态,那么这种说法往往是对的
非参数化装饰器用作类的通用模式如下

class DerocatorAsClass:
    def __init__(self,funcation):
        self.funcation = funcation

    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        # 调用函数之前,做点什么
        result = self.funcation(*args,**kwargs)
        # 在调用之后做点什么并且返回结果
        return result