概述 |
抽象工厂模式是一个创建型设计模式,它针对的是创建产品族,而不是单单一个产品
优点 |
-
封装了产品的创建,使得不需要知道具体是哪种产品,只需要知道是哪个工厂即可
-
可以支持不同类型的产品,使得模式灵活性更强
-
可以非常方便的使用一族中的不同类型的产品
缺点 |
-
结构过于臃肿,如果产品类型较多或产品族较多,会非常难于管理
-
每次如果添加一组产品,那么所有的工厂类必须添加一个方法,这样违背了开放关闭原则。所有一般使用于产品组合、产品族变化不大的情况
使用场景 |
在不必指定产品的具体情况下,创建多个产品族的产品对象
UML类图 |
实例 |
//真正的车
class AbstractRealCar{
public:
virtual void run() = 0;
};
//玩具车
class AbstractToyCar{
public:
virtual void run() = 0;
};
//BMW
class RealBMW : public AbstractRealCar{
public:
virtual void run(){
std::cout << "real BMW run!" << std::endl;
}
};
//BenZ
class RealBenZ : public AbstractRealCar{
public:
virtual void run(){
std::cout << "real BenZ run!" << std::endl;
}
};
//BMW
class ToyBMW : public AbstractToyCar{
public:
virtual void run(){
std::cout << "toy BMW run!" << std::endl;
}
};
//BenZ
class ToyBenZ : public AbstractToyCar{
public:
virtual void run(){
std::cout << "toy BenZ run!" << std::endl;
}
};
//抽象工厂
class AbstractFactory{
public:
virtual AbstractRealCar* CreateRealCar() = 0;
virtual AbstractToyCar* CreateToyCar() = 0;
};
class BMWFactory : public AbstractFactory{
public:
virtual AbstractRealCar* CreateRealCar(){
return new RealBMW();
}
virtual AbstractToyCar* CreateToyCar(){
return new ToyBMW();
}
};
class BenZFactory : public AbstractFactory{
public:
virtual AbstractRealCar* CreateRealCar(){
return new RealBenZ();
}
virtual AbstractToyCar* CreateToyCar(){
return new ToyBenZ();
}
};
void test01(){
AbstractFactory* factory = NULL;
factory = new BMWFactory;
AbstractRealCar* real_car = factory->CreateRealCar();
real_car->run();
delete real_car;
real_car = NULL;
AbstractToyCar* toy_car = factory->CreateToyCar();
toy_car->run();
delete toy_car;
toy_car = NULL;
delete factory;
factory = NULL;
factory = new BenZFactory;
real_car = factory->CreateRealCar();
real_car->run();
delete real_car;
real_car = NULL;
toy_car = factory->CreateToyCar();
toy_car->run();
delete toy_car;
toy_car = NULL;
delete factory;
factory = NULL;
}
int main(){
test01();
return 0;
}