根文件系统init进程分析

U-boot：启动内核
内核 ：启动应用程序
内核启动的第一个应用程序是/sbin/init，启动的最终目的是启动其他的应用程序。
init程序 （1）读取配置文件
               （2）解析配置文件
               （3）执行应用程序（根据配置文件）
配置文件：（1）指定应用程序（2）什么时候执行
busybody->init_main   (init进程本身就是busybox)
       parse_inittab() 解析配置文件
            file = fopen(INITTAB, "r") 打开配置文件，#define INITTAB      "/etc/inittab"，配置文件一般都放在/etc目录下
            new_init_action   如果配置文件不存在，则执行默认的配置项
                     new_init_action：（1）创建一个init_action结构、填充
                                                      （2）把这个结构放入init_action_list链表
             run_actions(SYSINIT);
                          waitfor(a, 0);  执行应用程序，等待它执行完毕
                          run(a)   创建process子进程
                          waitpid(runpid, &status, 0);  等待它结束
                          delete_init_action(a);  在init_action_list链表里删除
             run_actions(WAIT);
                         waitfor(a, 0);  执行应用程序，等待它执行完毕
                         run(a)   创建process子进程
                         waitpid(runpid, &status, 0);  等待它结束
                         delete_init_action(a);  在init_action_list链表里删除
            run_actions(ONCE);
                         run(a);
                        delete_init_action(a); 
            while (1) {
                       run_actions(RESPAWN); 
                                   if (a->pid == 0) {
                                   a->pid = run(a);
                                    }             
                  run_actions(ASKFIRST);
                                    if (a->pid == 0) {
                                    a->pid = run(a);
                                            RESPAWN与ASKFIRST区别
                                           （1）打印：Please press Enter to activate this console.
                                           （2）等待回车
                                            创建进程
                                 }                         
                  /* Wait for a child process to exit */
                  wpid = wait(NULL);  等待子进程退出 
                  while (wpid > 0) {
                      a->pid = 0;  退出后，就设置pid=0
                  }
                  
inittab格式：
 <id>:<runlevels>:<action>:<process>            

<id> => /dev/id(加一个/dev前缀)，用作终端：stdin,stdout,stderr
<runlevels> 可以完全忽略
<action> 指示何时执行
<process> 应用程序或脚本             

static void new_init_action(int action, const char *command, const char *cons)

        
 struct init_action {
  struct init_action *next;
  int action;
  pid_t pid;
  char command[INIT_BUFFS_SIZE];
  char terminal[CONSOLE_NAME_SIZE];
 };

for (a = last = init_action_list; a; a = a->next) {
  /* don't enter action if it's already in the list,
   * but do overwrite existing actions */ 如果原来链表中已经有了这个action，则覆盖它
  if ((strcmp(a->command, command) == 0)
   && (strcmp(a->terminal, cons) == 0)
  ) {
   a->action = action;
   return;
  }
  last = a;
 }
如果没有这个action则创建它：
new_action = xzalloc(sizeof(struct init_action));分配内存
 if (last) {
  last->next = new_action;
 } else {
  init_action_list = new_action;
 }
 strcpy(new_action->command, command);
 new_action->action = action;
 strcpy(new_action->terminal, cons);

new_init_action(ASKFIRST, bb_default_login_shell, VC_2);
 bb_default_login_shell    #define LIBBB_DEFAULT_LOGIN_SHELL      "-/bin/sh"
VC_2       # define VC_2 "/dev/tty2"    
new_init_action(ASKFIRST, "-/bin/sh", "/dev/tty2");  

 如果配置文件不存在，则执行默认的配置项
 file = fopen(INITTAB, "r");
 if (file == NULL) {
  /* No inittab file -- set up some default behavior */
  /* Reboot on Ctrl-Alt-Del */
  new_init_action(CTRLALTDEL, "reboot", "");
  /* Umount all filesystems on halt/reboot */
  new_init_action(SHUTDOWN, "umount -a -r", "");
  /* Swapoff on halt/reboot */
  if (ENABLE_SWAPONOFF) new_init_action(SHUTDOWN, "swapoff -a", "");
  /* Prepare to restart init when a HUP is received */
  new_init_action(RESTART, "init", "");
  /* Askfirst shell on tty1-4 */
  new_init_action(ASKFIRST, bb_default_login_shell, "");
  new_init_action(ASKFIRST, bb_default_login_shell, VC_2);
  new_init_action(ASKFIRST, bb_default_login_shell, VC_3);
  new_init_action(ASKFIRST, bb_default_login_shell, VC_4);
  /* sysinit */
  new_init_action(SYSINIT, INIT_SCRIPT, "");

  return; 
  }
  
  inittab格式：
 <id>:<runlevels>:<action>:<process> 
 <action>: Valid actions include: sysinit, respawn, askfirst, wait, once,
#                                  restart, ctrlaltdel, and shutdown.
 从默认的new_init_action反推出默认的配置文件：
 
::ctrlaltdel:reboot
::shutdown:umount -a -r
::restart:init
::askfirst:-/bin/sh
tty2::askfirst:-/bin/sh
tty3::askfirst:-/bin/sh
tty4::askfirst:-/bin/sh
::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcs

最小根文件系统：
 (1)/dev/console  /dev/null
 (2)/init=>busybox  init本身就是busybox
 (3)/etc/inittab  配置文件
 (4)配置文件指定的应用程序
 (5)库