数据源的三种访问方式

数据源的三种访问方式：

1、使用OLEDB数据库连接对话框  链接到数据源

2、使用纯代码方式连接到指定的数据源

3、使用连接字符串得到一个IDBInitialize接口

代码：

#include <tchar.h>
#include <windows.h>
#include <strsafe.h>

#define COM_NO_WINDOWS_H    //如果已经包含了Windows.h或不使用其他Windows库函数时
#define DBINITCONSTANTS
#define INITGUID
#define OLEDBVER 0x0260 
#include <oledb.h>
#include <oledberr.h>
#include <msdasc.h>

#define GRS_ALLOC(sz)		HeapAlloc(GetProcessHeap(),0,sz)
#define GRS_CALLOC(sz)		HeapAlloc(GetProcessHeap(),HEAP_ZERO_MEMORY,sz)
#define GRS_SAFEFREE(p)		if(NULL != p){HeapFree(GetProcessHeap(),0,p);p=NULL;}

#define GRS_USEPRINTF() TCHAR pBuf[1024] = {}
#define GRS_PRINTF(...) \
	StringCchPrintf(pBuf,1024,__VA_ARGS__);\
	WriteConsole(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE),pBuf,lstrlen(pBuf),NULL,NULL);

#define GRS_SAFERELEASE(I) if(NULL != I){I->Release();I=NULL;}
#define GRS_COM_CHECK(hr,...) if(FAILED(hr)){GRS_PRINTF(__VA_ARGS__);goto CLEAR_UP;}

#define GRS_DEF_INTERFACE(i) i* p##i = NULL;
#define GRS_QUERYINTERFACE(i,iid) \
	if(FAILED(hr = (i)->QueryInterface(IID_##iid, (void **)&p##iid)) )\
	{\
	GRS_PRINTF(_T("不支持'%s'接口\n"),_T(#iid));\
	}\
	else\
	{\
	GRS_PRINTF(_T("支持'%s'接口\n"),_T(#iid));\
	}\
	GRS_SAFERELEASE(p##iid);

//FAILED(hr = CLSIDFromProgID(L"SQLOLEDB", &clsid) )

int _tmain()
{
	GRS_USEPRINTF();

	CoInitialize(NULL);//初始化COM组件
	IDBPromptInitialize*				pIDBPromptInitialize		=NULL;
	IDataInitialize*						pIDataInitialize				=NULL;
	LPOLESTR								pLinkString					=NULL;

	//以下是IDBInitialize接口的等价接口定义
	//1必须支持的接口
	GRS_DEF_INTERFACE(IDBInitialize);
	GRS_DEF_INTERFACE(IDBCreateSession);
	GRS_DEF_INTERFACE(IDBProperties);
	GRS_DEF_INTERFACE(IPersist);
	//2可选择支持的
	GRS_DEF_INTERFACE(IConnectionPointContainer);
	GRS_DEF_INTERFACE(IDBAsynchStatus);
	GRS_DEF_INTERFACE(IDBDataSourceAdmin);
	GRS_DEF_INTERFACE(IDBInfo);
	GRS_DEF_INTERFACE(IPersistFile);
	GRS_DEF_INTERFACE(ISupportErrorInfo);

	HWND hWndParent=GetDesktopWindow();
	CLSID clsid={};
	//1使用OLEDB数据库连接对话框链接到数据源
	HRESULT hr=CoCreateInstance(CLSID_DataLinks,NULL,CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,
								IID_IDBPromptInitialize,(void**)&pIDBPromptInitialize);
	//下面这句话弹出数据库连接对话框
	hr=pIDBPromptInitialize->PromptDataSource(
		NULL,
		hWndParent,   //
		DBPROMPTOPTIONS_PROPERTYSHEET,
		0,NULL,
		NULL,
		IID_IDBInitialize,
		(IUnknown**)&pIDBInitialize
		);

	hr=pIDBPromptInitialize->QueryInterface(IID_IDataInitialize,(void**)&pIDataInitialize);
	hr=pIDataInitialize->GetInitializationString(pIDBInitialize,TRUE,&pLinkString);
	hr=pIDBInitialize->Initialize();


	//测试都支持哪些接口
	/*GRS_QUERYINTERFACE(pIDBInitialize,IDBCreateSession);
	GRS_QUERYINTERFACE(pIDBInitialize,IDBProperties);
	GRS_QUERYINTERFACE(pIDBInitialize,IPersist);

	GRS_QUERYINTERFACE(pIDBInitialize,IConnectionPointContainer);
	GRS_QUERYINTERFACE(pIDBInitialize,IDBAsynchStatus);
	GRS_QUERYINTERFACE(pIDBInitialize,IDBDataSourceAdmin);
	GRS_QUERYINTERFACE(pIDBInitialize,IDBInfo);
	GRS_QUERYINTERFACE(pIDBInitialize,IPersistFile);
	GRS_QUERYINTERFACE(pIDBInitialize,ISupportErrorInfo);
*/

//断开数据库连接
pIDBInitialize->Uninitialize();
GRS_SAFERELEASE(pIDBInitialize);
GRS_SAFERELEASE(pIDBPromptInitialize);

//2使用纯代码方式链接到指定的数据源
hr=CoCreateInstance(		CLSID_MSDAINITIALIZE,
										NULL,
										CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,
										IID_IDataInitialize,
										(void**)&pIDataInitialize
								 );
hr=CLSIDFromProgID(_T("SQLOLEDB"),&clsid);
//创建数据源链接对象和初始化接口
hr=pIDataInitialize->CreateDBInstance(	clsid,
																NULL,
																CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,
																NULL,
																IID_IDBInitialize,
																(IUnknown**)&pIDBInitialize
																);
//准备连接属性
//虽然后面只有4个属性，但是仍然要定义和初始化4+1个属性
DBPROP InitProperties[5]={};
DBPROPSET rgInitPropSet[1]={};

//指定数据库实例名
InitProperties[0].dwPropertyID			=DBPROP_INIT_DATASOURCE;
InitProperties[0].vValue.vt					=VT_BSTR;
InitProperties[0].vValue.bstrVal			=SysAllocString(L"YuZhiBo-PC");
InitProperties[0].dwOptions				=DBPROPOPTIONS_REQUIRED;
InitProperties[0].colid						=DB_NULLID;

//指定数据库名
InitProperties[1].dwPropertyID			=DBPROP_INIT_CATALOG;
InitProperties[1].vValue.vt					=VT_BSTR;
InitProperties[1].vValue.bstrVal			=SysAllocString(L"scott");
InitProperties[1].dwOptions				=DBPROPOPTIONS_REQUIRED;
InitProperties[1].colid						=DB_NULLID;

// user ID
InitProperties[2].dwPropertyID			=DBPROP_AUTH_USERID;
InitProperties[2].vValue.vt					=VT_BSTR;
InitProperties[2].vValue.bstrVal			=SysAllocString(OLESTR("sa"));

//password
InitProperties[3].dwPropertyID			=DBPROP_AUTH_PASSWORD;
InitProperties[3].vValue.vt					=VT_BSTR;
InitProperties[3].vValue.bstrVal			=SysAllocString(OLESTR("tiger"));


//创建一个GUID为DBPROPSET_DBINIT的属性集合，这样是初始化链接是需要的唯一一个属性集合
rgInitPropSet[0].guidPropertySet=DBPROPSET_DBINIT;
rgInitPropSet[0].cProperties=4;
rgInitPropSet[0].rgProperties=InitProperties;

//得到数据库初始化的属性接口
hr=pIDBInitialize->QueryInterface(IID_IDBProperties,(void**)&pIDBProperties);
GRS_COM_CHECK(hr,_T("获取IDBProperties接口失败，错误码：0x%08\n"),hr);
hr=pIDBProperties->SetProperties(1,rgInitPropSet);
GRS_COM_CHECK(hr,_T("设置链接属性失败，错误码:0x%08\n"),hr);

//属性一旦完成，相应的接口就可以释放了
GRS_SAFERELEASE(pIDBProperties);

//根据指定的属性链接到数据库
hr=pIDBInitialize->Initialize();
GRS_COM_CHECK(hr,_T("使用属性链接到数据源失败，错误码:0x%08x\n"),hr);
GRS_PRINTF(_T("使用属性集方式链接到数据源成功！\n"));

pIDBInitialize->Uninitialize();
GRS_SAFERELEASE(pIDBInitialize);


//3使用链接字符串得到一个IDBInitialize接口
hr=pIDataInitialize->GetDataSource(	NULL,
															CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER, //class context in process server
															L"Provider=SQLOLEDB.1;Persist Security info=False;User ID=sa;Password=tiger;Initial Catalog=scott; Data Source=YuZhiBo-PC;",
															__uuidof(IDBInitialize),
															(IUnknown**)&pIDBInitialize
															);
GRS_COM_CHECK(hr,_T("使用连接字符串获取数据源接口IDBInitialize失败"));
//链接到数据库
hr=pIDBInitialize->Initialize();
GRS_COM_CHECK(hr,_T("使用连接字符串链接数据源失败。\n"));
GRS_PRINTF(_T("使用字符串连接到数据源成功！\n"));


CLEAR_UP:
	if(NULL != pIDBInitialize)
	{
		pIDBInitialize->Uninitialize();
	}
	GRS_SAFERELEASE(pIDBProperties);
	GRS_SAFERELEASE(pIDataInitialize);
	GRS_SAFERELEASE(pIDBInitialize);
	GRS_SAFERELEASE(pIDBPromptInitialize);

	_tsystem(_T("PAUSE"));
	CoUninitialize();
	return 0;
}