Conference：International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems (ICPADS)
CCF level：CCF C
Categories：Computer Architecture/Parallel and Distributed Computing/Storage Systems
Year：2023
Num：27
22
Title:
DW-LRC: A Dynamic Wide-stripe LRC Codes for Blockchain Data Under Malicious Node Scenarios
DW-LRC：一种针对恶意节点场景的区块链数据动态宽条带LRC编码
Authors:
Key words:
Blockchain, Storage, Erasure Coding, Consensus, Replication
区块链、存储、擦除编码、共识、复制
Abstract:
Blockchain is a decentralized digital ledger system that can be used in many fields. However, the traditional approach of storing blockchain data (full repliction) incurs expensive storage costs. As a result, researchers have proposed erasure coding methods to reduce storage costs. Existing erasure coding methods are all based on RS codes. Since blockchain systems typically have a large number of nodes, it is necessary to use wide-stripe RS codes to store blocks, which results in significant overhead during the recovery processes. Because widestripe RS codes require accessing a large number of nodes for decoding, this means significant network and I/O cost.To solve the above problem, we propose DW-LRC, which is a dynamic wide-stripe Local Reconstruction Code (LRC) based methods in permissioned blockchain systems. DW-LRC predicts malicious nodes using node reputation, and then selects an appropriate variant of LRC code to lower storage and recovery costs compared to traditional erasure coding. To demonstrate the effectiveness of DW-LRC, we conduct several experiments on the open source blockchain software tendermint. The results show that, compared to the state-of-the-art erasure coding methods, DW-LRC reduced the average recovery latency by 36.4% and improved the block access throughput by 32.3%.
区块链是一种去中心化的数字账本系统，可用于许多领域。然而，传统的区块链数据存储方式（全量复制）会产生昂贵的存储成本。因此，研究人员提出了纠删码方法来降低存储成本。现有的纠删码方法都是基于 RS 码的。由于区块链系统通常具有大量节点，因此需要使用宽条带 RS 码来存储区块，这会导致恢复过程中的大量开销。由于宽条带 RS 码需要访问大量节点进行解码，这意味着巨大的网络和 I/O 成本。为了解决上述问题，我们提出了 DW-LRC，这是一种基于动态宽条带局部重构码 (LRC) 的许可区块链系统方法。与传统纠删码相比，DW-LRC 使用节点信誉预测恶意节点，然后选择合适的 LRC 代码变体以降低存储和恢复成本。为了证明 DW-LRC 的有效性，我们在开源区块链软件 tendermint 上进行了几项实验。结果表明，与最先进的擦除编码方法相比，DW-LRC 将平均恢复延迟降低了 36.4%，并将块访问吞吐量提高了 32.3%。
Pdf link:
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10476025
23
Title:
BrokerFi: A DeFi dApp Built upon Broker-based Blockchain
BrokerFi：基于经纪商区块链的 DeFi dApp
Authors:
Abstract:
A number of promising blockchain scalability technologies such as Rollups, facilitate the fast and cost-effective asset transfer by offloading transactions from a mainchain to sidechains. The proposed broker-based decentralized application (dApp) in this paper, named BrokerFi, also employs a sidechain approach that works as a Layer2 solution on top of a Layer1 blockchain. Comparing with conventional sidechain solutions, the distinct feature of BrokerFi is that the sidechain used in BrokerFi is a sharded blockchain, in which users can stably earn money without economic risks when they stake money to BrokerFi.BrokerFi is designed as a dApp that can offer functionalities to enable users to manage their digital assets and earn money if they join BrokerFi’s ecology. Users can change the native tokens issued by BrokerFi using their fiat money. Users can also choose to stake their money in the protocol of BrokerFi and earn profit. We mainly demonstrate the design of BrokerFi in this paper. The significant components of BrokerFi mainly include two parts, i.e., the frontend used by users, and the backend that provides fundamental functionalities for BrokerFi in a Layer2-like sidechain. Experiment results show that the proposed BrokerFi can help clients earn high revenue when their staked tokens follow a low variance.
Rollups 等许多有前景的区块链可扩展性技术通过将交易从主链转移到侧链，促进了快速且经济高效的资产转移。本文提出的基于经纪人的去中心化应用程序 (dApp) BrokerFi 也采用了侧链方法，作为 Layer1 区块链之上的 Layer2 解决方案。与传统的侧链解决方案相比，BrokerFi 的显著特点是 BrokerFi 中使用的侧链是分片区块链，当用户将钱质押给 BrokerFi 时，他们可以在其中稳定地赚钱而没有经济风险。BrokerFi 被设计为一个 dApp，可以提供功能让用户管理他们的数字资产，如果他们加入 BrokerFi 的生态，他们就可以赚钱。用户可以使用他们的法定货币兑换 BrokerFi 发行的原生代币。用户还可以选择将他们的钱质押在 BrokerFi 的协议中并赚取利润。我们主要在本文中展示 BrokerFi 的设计。BrokerFi 的主要组件主要包括两个部分，即用户使用的前端和为 BrokerFi 在类似 Layer2 的侧链中提供基本功能的后端。实验结果表明，当客户质押的代币波动较小时，所提出的 BrokerFi 可以帮助客户获得高收益。
Pdf link:
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10476050
24
Title:
Secure and dynamic public audit scheme based on blockchain and red-black tree
基于区块链和红黑树的安全动态公共审计方案
Authors:
Key words:
Cloud storage, Blockchain, Data dynamic, Public auditing, Red-black tree
云存储、区块链、数据动态、公共审计、红黑树
Abstract:
In the Cyber-Physical-Social System (CPSS), mobile service applications share and exchange data in the cyberspace and physical world. With the explosive growth of data, cloud storage service is introduced as it has broken through the limitations of local storage space. However, since cloud storage servers may remove some data to deceive users to save space, it is important to check the integrity of data in cloud storage servers. Most existing verification schemes support users to delegate a semi-trusted entity third-party auditor (TPA) to audit the stored data publicly, but it may result in user data security risks for its interests. The security risk is one aspect, what is worse, the high overhead of auditing also limits the the practicality of auditing. To tackle the issues, we put forward a secure dynamic public audit scheme based on blockchain and a red-black tree structure. Unlike relying on any single TPA, every user on the blockchain can act as an auditor to achieve public auditing. Secondly, based on the red-black tree, a new storage structure is proposed to store data signatures, which achieves efficient data storage and auditing. Based on the raised prototype system, we prove the security of our scheme and implement it on Hyperledger Fabric. Many experiments indicate that the scheme achieves the expected efficacy.
在信息物理社会系统中，移动服务应用在网络空间和物理世界中共享和交换数据。随着数据的爆炸式增长，云存储服务突破了本地存储空间的限制，被引入。然而，由于云存储服务器可能会删除一些数据来欺骗用户以节省空间，因此检查云存储服务器中数据的完整性非常重要。现有的大多数验证方案都支持用户委托一个半可信实体第三方审计员（TPA）公开审计存储的数据，但这可能会给用户带来数据安全风险，损害用户自身利益。安全风险是一方面，更糟糕的是，审计的高开销也限制了审计的实用性。针对这些问题，我们提出了一种基于区块链和红黑树结构的安全动态公开审计方案。与依赖任何单个TPA不同，区块链上的每个用户都可以充当审计员来实现公开审计。其次，基于红黑树，提出了一种新的存储结构来存储数据签名，实现了高效的数据存储和审计。基于提出的原型系统证明了方案的安全性，并在Hyperledger Fabric上进行了实现，大量实验表明该方案达到了预期效果。
Pdf link:
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10476237
25
Title:
A Blockchain-enabled Secure Access Management Method in Edge Computing
一种基于区块链的边缘计算安全访问管理方法
Authors:
Key words:
edge computing, blockchain, encryption, security
边缘计算、区块链、加密、安全
Abstract:
Edge computing has emerged as a transformative paradigm with applications ranging from IoT to smart homes and transportation systems. However, its decentralized nature presents significant challenges in securing sensitive data, particularly in scenarios involving data sharing. To address these issues, this paper introduces a secure data access control system for edge computing by leveraging blockchain to foster mutual trust among edge servers and employing attribute-based encryption for secure data sharing. Our proposed solution seeks to enhance data security in distributed environments. We validate our method through practical experiments conducted on multiple edge servers, confirming its effectiveness in safeguarding data integrity and privacy.
边缘计算已成为一种变革性范式，其应用范围从物联网到智能家居和交通系统。然而，其分散性给保护敏感数据带来了重大挑战，特别是在涉及数据共享的场景中。为了解决这些问题，本文介绍了一种用于边缘计算的安全数据访问控制系统，该系统利用区块链来促进边缘服务器之间的相互信任，并采用基于属性的加密来确保数据共享的安全。我们提出的解决方案旨在增强分布式环境中的数据安全性。我们通过在多个边缘服务器上进行的实际实验来验证我们的方法，证实了它在保护数据完整性和隐私方面的有效性。
Pdf link:
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10476078
26
Title:
Multi-layer Authentication Scheme Based on Blockchain for Cloud-Edge-End
基于区块链的云边端多层认证方案
Authors:
Key words:
Identity Authentication, Dual-layer Blockchain, IoT, Smart Contracts, Cloud-Edge-End Integrated Architecture
身份认证、双层区块链、物联网、智能合约、云边端一体化架构
Abstract:
Many existing studies focus on mutual authentication between terminal devices and the next hop node, but they often neglect the importance of multi-layer authentication in a cloud-edge-end integrated architecture. This article presents a multi-level IoT node authentication scheme that relies on a two-tier blockchain system to enhance IoT security. This scheme utilizes smart contracts to construct an identity information structure and employs on-chain identity credentials for authentication, effectively preventing privacy data leakage and attacks. The two-tier blockchain consists of a local blockchain and a SmartAuth blockchain, which serve for authentication within the same domain and across domains, respectively. Security analysis demonstrates that the scheme offers high security and performance.
现有研究多侧重于终端设备与下一跳节点间的双向认证，往往忽视了云边端一体化架构中多层级认证的重要性。本文提出一种基于双层区块链体系的多层级物联网节点认证方案，以增强物联网安全性。该方案利用智能合约构建身份信息结构，采用链上身份凭证进行认证，有效防止隐私数据泄露与攻击。双层区块链由本地区块链和SmartAuth区块链组成，分别用于同域内认证和跨域认证。安全性分析表明，该方案具有较高的安全性和性能。
Pdf link:
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10476256
27
Title:
Research on Fine-grained Security Sharing Model of Medical Information Based on Blockchain
基于区块链的医疗信息细粒度安全共享模型研究
Authors:
Key words:
blockchain,dynamic access control,differential privacy,data sharing
区块链、动态访问控制、差分隐私、数据共享
Abstract:
In light of the vulnerabilities in traditional medical information systems, including the susceptibility to malicious tampering of patients’ medical records, opaque access decisions, and challenges in data sharing, this paper introduces a fine-grained security sharing model for medical information based on blockchain. Firstly, it leverages blockchain technology in conjunction with attribute-based access control to automate multi-authority fine-grained access control through smart contracts. Secondly, it categorizes sensitive attributes of different users and electronic medical records into distinct levels, implementing personalized privacy protection within the transaction workflow using local differential privacy policies and varying privacy budgets. Finally, a prototype system, built upon a consortium blockchain, was developed and tested using a dataset of 100,000 real-world electronic medical records. Experimental results demonstrate the model’s capability to facilitate stable and reliable transactions between electronic medical record publishers and requestors while ensuring privacy protection.
针对传统医疗信息系统存在的患者病历易被恶意篡改、访问决策不透明、数据共享困难等问题，本文提出了一种基于区块链的医疗信息细粒度安全共享模型。首先，利用区块链技术结合基于属性的访问控制，通过智能合约实现多权限细粒度访问控制的自动化；其次，将不同用户和电子病历的敏感属性分为不同的等级，利用本地差异化隐私政策和不同的隐私预算在交易流程中实现个性化隐私保护；最后，基于联盟区块链开发并测试了一个原型系统，该系统基于10万份真实电子病历数据集进行测试。实验结果表明，该模型能够在确保隐私保护的同时，促进电子病历发布者和请求者之间进行稳定可靠的交易。
Pdf link:
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10476314
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