不能编写返回引用可变对象的访问器方法

public class Employee {
private String name;
private double salary;
private Date hireDay;

public Employee(String name, double salary, Date hireDay) {
    this.name = name;
    this.salary = salary;
    this.hireDay = hireDay;
}

public Date getHireDay() {
    return hireDay;
}
public void setHireDay(Date hireDay) {
    this.hireDay = hireDay;
}

public static void main(String[] args) {
    Employee emp = new Employee("hst",50,new Date());
    Date d = emp.getHireDay();
    double t = 10*365.25*24*60*60*1000;
    d.setTime(d.getTime() - (long)t);
    System.out.println(d.getTime()+","+emp.getHireDay().getTime());//结果是一样的：1171547729749,1171547729749
}

在getHireDay()方法中返回了一个Date类对象。d与hireDay引用了同一个Date类对象。对d进行setTime()设置，也就是对hireDay进行的更改。这样没有通过Employee的sethireDay()方法就将hireDay的值进行的更改，这样违反了java的封装性。解决的办法是在getHireDay()方法中返回hireDay的克隆对象，如：return (Date) hireDay.clone();