Centos7安装mysql-5.7.19

Centos7安装Mysql

一 mysql下载

地址： https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/#downloads

二 在centos7上创建安装文件存放、解压目录，上传文件并解压

创建目录：mkdir /usr/local/mysql
上传文件：(使用Xftp)...
解压文件：tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/mysql/
修改文件名称：
cd /usr/local/mysql/
mv mysql-5.7.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql

三 在mysql目录下创建data目录

当前目录：/usr/local/mysql
命令：cd mysql
创建文件的目录：/usr/local/mysql/mysql
命令：mkdir data　　

四 创建用户及组

创建组：   groupadd mysql  

创建用户： useradd -r -g mysql mysql

五 将mysql及其下所有的目录所有者和组均设为mysql

命令：chown mysql:mysql -R .

六 初始化数据库

/usr/local/mysql/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/mysql/data --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/mysql

初始化成功之后会出现默认的root用户密码，如下图

七 创建修改my.cnf文件

这个版本和别的版本安装最大的区别就是别的版本在mysql/support-files下有my-default.cnf文件，别的版本只需要将my-default.cnf文件拷贝到/etc目录下即可，而这个版本需要自己创建my.cnf文件.

因此我们

vi /etc/my.cnf

把下面内容粘进去即可，标红的地方是需要注意的。　

(注)：确保全部复制粘贴文件　

# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
# *** DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE. It's a template which will be copied to the
# *** default location during install, and will be replaced if you
# *** upgrade to a newer version of MySQL.
# 组
[mysqld]
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin
general_log_file = /var/log/mysql/mysql.log
general_log = 1
# These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.
basedir =/usr/local/mysql/mysql
datadir =/usr/local/mysql/mysql/data
port = 3306
#server_id = .....
socket =/usr/local/mysql/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock
#kip-external-locking
skip-name-resolve
pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/mysql/data/mysql.pid
character_set_server=utf8
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
log-error=/usr/local/mysql/mysql/data/mysqld.err
slow_query_log = 1
slow_query_log_file =/usr/local/mysql/mysql/data/slow-query.log
long_query_time = 1
log-queries-not-using-indexes
max_connections = 1024
back_log = 128
wait_timeout = 100
interactive_timeout = 200
key_buffer_size=256M
query_cache_size = 256M
query_cache_type=1
query_cache_limit=50M
max_connect_errors=20
sort_buffer_size = 2M
max_allowed_packet=16M
join_buffer_size=2M
thread_cache_size=200
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2048M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
innodb_log_buffer_size=32M
innodb_log_file_size=128M
innodb_log_files_in_group=3
server_id=1
log-bin=mysql-bin
binlog_cache_size=2M
max_binlog_cache_size=8M
max_binlog_size=512M
expire_logs_days=7
read_buffer_size=1M
read_rnd_buffer_size=16M
bulk_insert_buffer_size=64M

# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

八 创建tmp目录 

mkdir /usr/local/mysql/mysql/tmp

九 启动mysql

命令：cd  /usr/local/mysql/mysql/bin
命令：./mysqld_safe &

十 登录数据库，密码为第六步生成的默认密码

./mysql -u root -p

十一 操作数据库时报错

mysql> use mysql
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.

在没有进行修改默认密码之前，是不允许做任何事情的。

解决方案：

SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('123456');

十二 错误处理以及使用SQLyog连接数据库

1 未关闭防火墙有可能造成数据库不能连接

(注)：centos7

systemctl stop firewalld.service #停止firewall

systemctl disable firewalld.service #禁止firewall开机启动

2(日志data/mysqld.err) mysqld: File '/var/log/mysql/mysql.log' not found (Errcode: 2 - No such file or directory)

解决方案：

查看是否有/var/log/mysql这个目录，没有的话创建

mkdir /var/log/mysql

目录：/var/log下执行权限修改命令

chown mysql:mysql -R .

3(日志data/mysqld.err)Could not create unix socket lock file /usr/local/mysql/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock.lock.

解决方案：

cd /usr/local/mysql/mysql/tmp/
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/mysql/tmp/

4 (日志data/mysqld.err)Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/tmp/mysql.sock' (2)

切换到根目录下查询mysql.sock文件所在位置，根据mysql.sock文件所在位置创建软连接。

错误的链接：

正常的链接：

解决方案：

(删除错误软连接)

(创建软连接)

ln -s /usr/local/mysql/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock /tmp/mysql.sock

5 host"***.***.*.***" is not allowed to connect mysql--------mysql"Access denied for user'root'@'IP地址'"

解决方案：(注*用户名密码)

登录mysql给root用户授权

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'ROOT'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION;

6.Can't start server : Bind on unix socket: Address already in use   

        删除/tmp/mysql.sock文件，再重启mysql。

7.Can't start server: can't check PID filepath: No such file or directory

查看/etc/my.cnf文件中配置的pid文件地址是否正确

路径正确的话查看是否有文件，没有的话创建文件并添加权限

touch /home/mysql/mysql/mysqld.pid
chown mysql.mysql /home/mysql/mysql/mysqld.pid

8.Mysql程序不能Kill

使用的mysqld_safe启动的mysql

每次ps aux|grep mysql的进程，杀掉之后，又启动了。因为mysqld_safe的保护性

正确步骤：

杀掉mysqld_safe进程：ps aux|grep mysqld_safe kill -9 mysqld_safe进程号

杀掉mysql进程：ps aux|grep mysql kill -9 mysqld进程号

9.Windows操作系统下找不到Mysql配置文件my.ini

十三 关闭mysql数据库

ps -A|grep mysql 
kill -9 进程号
kill -9 进程号