一、简介
Springcloud有两种方式实现负载均衡调用服务,一种是ribbon+restTemplate,另一种是feign,首先是使用前者。
二、ribbon+restTemplate
首先配置pom: <dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
接着在yml文件中指定服务注册中心,以及程序名,ip地址,如果是从配置中心读取配置,还需要配置注册中心地址。
eureka:
client:
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://username:pass@ip/eureka/
instance:
ip-address: ip
prefer-ip-address: true
server:
port: 8764
spring:
application:
name: service-ribbon
sleuth:
sampler:
percentage: 1.0
cloud:
config:
discovery:
enabled: true
service-id: CONFIG-SERVER
label: master
profile: dev
name: hfz-ribbon
username: usename
password: pass
在Application.java中通过@EnableDiscoveryClient向服务中心注册;并且注入一股bean--restTemplate;并通过@LoadBalanced注解表明这个restRemplate开启负载均衡的功能。
@EnableHystrix
@EnableHystrixDashboard
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@RefreshScope
public class HfzribbonApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(HfzribbonApplication.class, args);
}
@Bean
@LoadBalanced
RestTemplate restTemplate() {
return new RestTemplate();
}
}
写一个类HelloService,通过restTemplate来消费服务的“/hi”接口,在这里可以直接用在注册中心配置的程序名替代来具体的url地址,ribbon会根据服务名来选择具体的服务实例,根据服务实例在请求的时候会用具体的url替换掉服务名
@Service
public class HelloService {
@Autowired
RestTemplate restTemplate;
@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "hiError")
public String hiService(String name) {
return restTemplate.getForObject("http://SERVER-HI/hi?name="+name,String.class);
}
public String hiError(String name) {
return "hi,"+name+",sorry,error!";
}
}
然后可以在Controller中调用服务就行
@RestController
public class HelloControler {
@Autowired
HelloService helloService;
@RequestMapping(value="/hi")
public String hi(@RequestParam String name){
return helloService.hiService(name);
}
三、Feign
Feign是一个声明式的伪Http客户端,这使得用来写Http客户端变得更简单。要使用Feign,只需要创建一个接口并注解。它具有可插拔的注解特性,可使用Feign 注解和JAX-RS注解。Feign支持可插拔的编码器和解码器。Feign默认集成了Ribbon,可以Eureka结合,默认实现了负载均衡的效果。以下是搭建过程 首先是pom文件: <dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
yml文件如下:
eureka:
client:
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
server:
port: 8765
spring:
application:
name: service-feign
在程序的启动类Application上加上@EnableFeignClients注解开启Feign的功能
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableFeignClients
@EnableHystrixDashboard
@EnableCircuitBreaker
public class HfzfeignApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(HfzfeignApplication.class, args);
}
}
定义一个feign接口,通过@ FeignClient(“服务名”),来指定调用哪个服务
@FeignClient(value = "service-hi",fallback = SchedualServiceHiHystric.class)
public interface SchedualServiceHi {
@RequestMapping(value = "/hi",method = RequestMethod.GET)
String sayHiFromClientOne(@RequestParam(value = "name") String name);
}
然后是controller层上对外暴露的接口 @RestController public class HiController {
@Autowired
SchedualServiceHi schedualServiceHi;
@RequestMapping(value = "/hi",method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String sayHi(@RequestParam String name){
return schedualServiceHi.sayHiFromClientOne(name);
}
}
然后可以通过访问接口来测试