jQuery ajax参数详解,还是官网的靠谱!
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version added: 1.5jQuery.ajax( url [, settings ] )
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urlType: StringA string containing the URL to which the request is sent.
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settingsType: PlainObjectA set of key/value pairs that configure the Ajax request. All settings are optional. A default can be set for any option with $.ajaxSetup(). See jQuery.ajax( settings ) below for a complete list of all settings.
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version added: 1.0jQuery.ajax( [settings ] )
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settingsType: PlainObjectA set of key/value pairs that configure the Ajax request. All settings are optional. A default can be set for any option with $.ajaxSetup().
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accepts (default:
depends on DataType
)Type: PlainObjectThe content type sent in the request header that tells the server what kind of response it will accept in return. -
async (default:
true
)Type: BooleanBy default, all requests are sent asynchronously (i.e. this is set totrue
by default). If you need synchronous requests, set this option tofalse
. Cross-domain requests anddataType: "jsonp"
requests do not support synchronous operation. Note that synchronous requests may temporarily lock the browser, disabling any actions while the request is active. As of jQuery 1.8, the use ofasync: false
with jqXHR ($.Deferred
) is deprecated; you must use the success/error/complete callback options instead of the corresponding methods of the jqXHR object such asjqXHR.done()
or the deprecatedjqXHR.success()
. -
beforeSendA pre-request callback function that can be used to modify the jqXHR (in jQuery 1.4.x, XMLHTTPRequest) object before it is sent. Use this to set custom headers, etc. The jqXHR and settings objects are passed as arguments. This is an Ajax Event. Returning
false
in thebeforeSend
function will cancel the request. As of jQuery 1.5, thebeforeSend
option will be called regardless of the type of request. -
cache (default:
true, false for dataType 'script' and 'jsonp'
)Type: BooleanIf set tofalse
, it will force requested pages not to be cached by the browser. Note: Settingcache
to false will only work correctly with HEAD and GET requests. It works by appending "_={timestamp}" to the GET parameters. The parameter is not needed for other types of requests, except in IE8 when a POST is made to a URL that has already been requested by a GET. -
completeA function to be called when the request finishes (after
success
anderror
callbacks are executed). The function gets passed two arguments: The jqXHR (in jQuery 1.4.x, XMLHTTPRequest) object and a string categorizing the status of the request ("success"
,"notmodified"
,"nocontent"
,"error"
,"timeout"
,"abort"
, or"parsererror"
). As of jQuery 1.5, thecomplete
setting can accept an array of functions. Each function will be called in turn. This is an Ajax Event. -
contentsType: PlainObjectAn object of string/regular-expression pairs that determine how jQuery will parse the response, given its content type. (version added: 1.5)
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contentType (default:
'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8'
)When sending data to the server, use this content type. Default is "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8", which is fine for most cases. If you explicitly pass in a content-type to$.ajax()
, then it is always sent to the server (even if no data is sent). As of jQuery 1.6 you can passfalse
to tell jQuery to not set any content type header. Note: The W3C XMLHttpRequest specification dictates that the charset is always UTF-8; specifying another charset will not force the browser to change the encoding. Note: For cross-domain requests, setting the content type to anything other thanapplication/x-www-form-urlencoded
,multipart/form-data
, ortext/plain
will trigger the browser to send a preflight OPTIONS request to the server. -
contextType: PlainObjectThis object will be the context of all Ajax-related callbacks. By default, the context is an object that represents the Ajax settings used in the call (
$.ajaxSettings
merged with the settings passed to$.ajax
). For example, specifying a DOM element as the context will make that the context for thecomplete
callback of a request, like so:123456$.ajax({
url: "test.html",
context: document.body
}).done(function() {
$( this ).addClass( "done" );
});
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converters (default:
{"* text": window.String, "text html": true, "text json": jQuery.parseJSON, "text xml": jQuery.parseXML}
)Type: PlainObjectAn object containing dataType-to-dataType converters. Each converter's value is a function that returns the transformed value of the response. (version added: 1.5) -
crossDomain (default:
false for same-domain requests, true for cross-domain requests
)Type: BooleanIf you wish to force a crossDomain request (such as JSONP) on the same domain, set the value of crossDomain totrue
. This allows, for example, server-side redirection to another domain. (version added: 1.5) -
dataData to be sent to the server. It is converted to a query string, if not already a string. It's appended to the url for GET-requests. See
processData
option to prevent this automatic processing. Object must be Key/Value pairs. If value is an Array, jQuery serializes multiple values with same key based on the value of thetraditional
setting (described below). -
dataFilterA function to be used to handle the raw response data of XMLHttpRequest. This is a pre-filtering function to sanitize the response. You should return the sanitized data. The function accepts two arguments: The raw data returned from the server and the 'dataType' parameter.
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dataType (default:
Intelligent Guess (xml, json, script, or html)
)Type: StringThe type of data that you're expecting back from the server. If none is specified, jQuery will try to infer it based on the MIME type of the response (an XML MIME type will yield XML, in 1.4 JSON will yield a JavaScript object, in 1.4 script will execute the script, and anything else will be returned as a string). The available types (and the result passed as the first argument to your success callback) are:"xml"
: Returns a XML document that can be processed via jQuery.-
"html"
: Returns HTML as plain text; included script tags are evaluated when inserted in the DOM. -
"script"
: Evaluates the response as JavaScript and returns it as plain text. Disables caching by appending a query string parameter,_=[TIMESTAMP]
, to the URL unless thecache
option is set totrue
. Note: This will turn POSTs into GETs for remote-domain requests. -
"json"
: Evaluates the response as JSON and returns a JavaScript object. Cross-domain"json"
requests are converted to"jsonp"
unless the request includesjsonp: false
in its request options. The JSON data is parsed in a strict manner; any malformed JSON is rejected and a parse error is thrown. As of jQuery 1.9, an empty response is also rejected; the server should return a response ofnull
or{}
instead. (See json.org for more information on proper JSON formatting.) -
"jsonp"
: Loads in a JSON block using JSONP. Adds an extra"?callback=?"
to the end of your URL to specify the callback. Disables caching by appending a query string parameter,"_=[TIMESTAMP]"
, to the URL unless thecache
option is set totrue
. -
"text"
: A plain text string. - multiple, space-separated values: As of jQuery 1.5, jQuery can convert a dataType from what it received in the Content-Type header to what you require. For example, if you want a text response to be treated as XML, use
"text xml"
for the dataType. You can also make a JSONP request, have it received as text, and interpreted by jQuery as XML:"jsonp text xml"
. Similarly, a shorthand string such as"jsonp xml"
will first attempt to convert from jsonp to xml, and, failing that, convert from jsonp to text, and then from text to xml.
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errorA function to be called if the request fails. The function receives three arguments: The jqXHR (in jQuery 1.4.x, XMLHttpRequest) object, a string describing the type of error that occurred and an optional exception object, if one occurred. Possible values for the second argument (besides
null
) are"timeout"
,"error"
,"abort"
, and"parsererror"
. When an HTTP error occurs,errorThrown
receives the textual portion of the HTTP status, such as "Not Found" or "Internal Server Error." As of jQuery 1.5, theerror
setting can accept an array of functions. Each function will be called in turn. Note: This handler is not called for cross-domain script and cross-domain JSONP requests. This is an Ajax Event. -
global (default:
true
)Type: BooleanWhether to trigger global Ajax event handlers for this request. The default istrue
. Set tofalse
to prevent the global handlers likeajaxStart
orajaxStop
from being triggered. This can be used to control various Ajax Events. -
headers (default:
{}
)Type: PlainObjectAn object of additional header key/value pairs to send along with requests using the XMLHttpRequest transport. The headerX-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest
is always added, but its defaultXMLHttpRequest
value can be changed here. Values in theheaders
setting can also be overwritten from within thebeforeSend
function. (version added: 1.5) -
ifModified (default:
false
)Type: BooleanAllow the request to be successful only if the response has changed since the last request. This is done by checking the Last-Modified header. Default value isfalse
, ignoring the header. In jQuery 1.4 this technique also checks the 'etag' specified by the server to catch unmodified data. -
isLocal (default:
depends on current location protocol
)Type: BooleanAllow the current environment to be recognized as "local," (e.g. the filesystem), even if jQuery does not recognize it as such by default. The following protocols are currently recognized as local:file
,*-extension
, andwidget
. If theisLocal
setting needs modification, it is recommended to do so once in the$.ajaxSetup()
method. (version added: 1.5.1) -
jsonpType: StringOverride the callback function name in a JSONP request. This value will be used instead of 'callback' in the 'callback=?' part of the query string in the url. So
{jsonp:'onJSONPLoad'}
would result in'onJSONPLoad=?'
passed to the server. As of jQuery 1.5, setting thejsonp
option tofalse
prevents jQuery from adding the "?callback" string to the URL or attempting to use "=?" for transformation. In this case, you should also explicitly set thejsonpCallback
setting. For example,{ jsonp: false, jsonpCallback: "callbackName" }
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jsonpCallbackSpecify the callback function name for a JSONP request. This value will be used instead of the random name automatically generated by jQuery. It is preferable to let jQuery generate a unique name as it'll make it easier to manage the requests and provide callbacks and error handling. You may want to specify the callback when you want to enable better browser caching of GET requests. As of jQuery 1.5, you can also use a function for this setting, in which case the value of
jsonpCallback
is set to the return value of that function. -
method (default:
'GET'
)Type: String -
mimeTypeType: StringA mime type to override the XHR mime type. (version added: 1.5.1)
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passwordType: StringA password to be used with XMLHttpRequest in response to an HTTP access authentication request.
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processData (default:
true
)Type: BooleanBy default, data passed in to thedata
option as an object (technically, anything other than a string) will be processed and transformed into a query string, fitting to the default content-type "application/x-www-form-urlencoded". If you want to send a DOMDocument, or other non-processed data, set this option tofalse
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scriptCharsetType: StringOnly applies when the "script" transport is used (e.g., cross-domain requests with "jsonp" or "script" dataType and "GET" type). Sets the
charset
attribute on the script tag used in the request. Used when the character set on the local page is not the same as the one on the remote script. -
statusCode (default:
{}
)Type: PlainObjectAn object of numeric HTTP codes and functions to be called when the response has the corresponding code. For example, the following will alert when the response status is a 404:
1234567$.ajax({
statusCode: {
404: function() {
alert( "page not found" );
}
}
});
If the request is successful, the status code functions take the same parameters as the success callback; if it results in an error (including 3xx redirect), they take the same parameters as the
(version added: 1.5)error
callback. -
successA function to be called if the request succeeds. The function gets passed three arguments: The data returned from the server, formatted according to the
dataType
parameter or thedataFilter
callback function, if specified; a string describing the status; and thejqXHR
(in jQuery 1.4.x, XMLHttpRequest) object. As of jQuery 1.5, the success setting can accept an array of functions. Each function will be called in turn. This is an Ajax Event. -
timeoutType: NumberSet a timeout (in milliseconds) for the request. This will override any global timeout set with $.ajaxSetup(). The timeout period starts at the point the
$.ajax
call is made; if several other requests are in progress and the browser has no connections available, it is possible for a request to time out before it can be sent. In jQuery 1.4.x and below, the XMLHttpRequest object will be in an invalid state if the request times out; accessing any object members may throw an exception. In Firefox 3.0+ only,script and JSONP requests cannot be cancelled by a timeout; the script will run even if it arrives after the timeout period. -
traditionalType: BooleanSet this to
true
if you wish to use the traditional style of param serialization. -
type (default:
'GET'
)Type: StringAn alias formethod
. You should usetype
if you're using versions of jQuery prior to 1.9.0. -
url (default:
The current page
)Type: StringA string containing the URL to which the request is sent. -
usernameType: StringA username to be used with XMLHttpRequest in response to an HTTP access authentication request.
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xhr (default:
ActiveXObject when available (IE), the XMLHttpRequest otherwise
)Type: Function()Callback for creating the XMLHttpRequest object. Defaults to the ActiveXObject when available (IE), the XMLHttpRequest otherwise. Override to provide your own implementation for XMLHttpRequest or enhancements to the factory. -
xhrFieldsType: PlainObject
An object of fieldName-fieldValue pairs to set on the native
XHR
object. For example, you can use it to setwithCredentials
totrue
for cross-domain requests if needed.123456$.ajax({
url: a_cross_domain_url,
xhrFields: {
withCredentials: true
}
});
In jQuery 1.5, the
(version added: 1.5.1)withCredentials
property was not propagated to the nativeXHR
and thus CORS requests requiring it would ignore this flag. For this reason, we recommend using jQuery 1.5.1+ should you require the use of it.
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The $.ajax()
function underlies all Ajax requests sent by jQuery. It is often unnecessary to directly call this function, as several higher-level alternatives like $.get()
and .load()
are available and are easier to use. If less common options are required, though, $.ajax()
can be used more flexibly.
At its simplest, the $.ajax()
function can be called with no arguments:
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Note: Default settings can be set globally by using the $.ajaxSetup()
function.
This example, using no options, loads the contents of the current page, but does nothing with the result. To use the result, you can implement one of the callback functions.