安卓-通过Handler让主线程给子线程发送消息的实现

安卓-通过Handler让主线程给子线程发送消息的实现

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前言

安卓-通过Handler，主线程与子线程互发消息。

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一、演示通过Handler让子线程给主线程发送消息的实现；以及演示通过Handler让主线程给子线程发送消息的实现

1.java代码

演示通过Handler让子线程给主线程发送消息的实现；以及演示通过Handler让主线程给子线程发送消息的实现

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Looper;
import android.os.Message;
import android.os.SystemClock;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;

import androidx.annotation.Nullable;

/**
 * 演示通过Handler让子线程给主线程发送消息的实现。
 * 演示通过Handler让主线程给子线程发送消息的实现。
 */
public class MainActivity2 extends Activity {
    private TextView tv_title;
    private Button button,button2;

    private Handler handler = new Handler(){
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            Toast.makeText(MainActivity2.this,msg.obj.toString(),Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    };
    private Handler subHandler;
    private Looper myLooper;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        tv_title = findViewById(R.id.tv_title);
        button = findViewById(R.id.button);
        button2 = findViewById(R.id.button2);

        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                /**
                 * (1)创建了Looper对象，然后Looper对象中创建了MessageQueue
                 * (2)并将当前的Looper对象跟当前的线程（子线程）绑定ThreadLocal
                 */
                Looper.prepare();

                /**
                 * (3)创建了handler对象，然后从当前线程中获取Looper对象,然后获取到MessageQueue对象
                 */
                subHandler = new Handler(){//如果前面没有写Looper.prepare(),则执行此行代码会报错：java.lang.RuntimeException: Can't create handler inside thread Thread[Thread-2,5,main] that has not called Looper.prepare()
                    @Override
                    public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
                        Toast.makeText(MainActivity2.this,msg.obj.toString(),Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();//执行此行时不会报错，因为前面执行了Looper.prepare();
                        //tv_title.setText(msg.obj.toString());//执行此行时报错：android.view.ViewRootImpl$CalledFromWrongThreadException: Only the original thread that created a view hierarchy can touch its views.//因为view操作只能在主线程执行。
                    }
                };

                myLooper = Looper.myLooper();

                /**
                 * (4)从当前线程中找到之前创建的Looper对象,然后找到MessageQueue
                 * (5)开启死循环，遍历消息池中的消息
                 * (6)当获取到msg的时候，调用这个msg的handler的disPatchMsg方法，让msg执行起来
                 */
                Looper.loop();

                Log.d("tag","loop()方法执行完了");
            }
        }).start();

        button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                sendMsg();
            }
        });
        button2.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                sendMsg2();
            }
        });
    }

    /**
     * 演示让子线程给主线程发送消息的实现
     */
    private void sendMsg() {
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                //Toast.makeText(MainActivity2.this,"测试",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();//执行此行时报错：java.lang.RuntimeException: Can't toast on a thread that has not called Looper.prepare()

                SystemClock.sleep(2000);//模拟一个耗时操作

                Message msg = new Message();
                msg.what = 1;//区分发送的消息
                msg.obj = "来自子线程的问候";

                handler.sendMessage(msg);
            }
        }).start();
    }

    /**
     * 演示让主线程给子线程发送消息的实现
     */
    private void sendMsg2() {
        subHandler.obtainMessage(2,"我是主线程发送来的祝福").sendToTarget();
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();

        //当Activity退出的时候终止Looper循环
        if(myLooper != null){
            myLooper.quit();//执行了此行代码，上面的Looper.loop();才会执行完。
            myLooper = null;
        }
    }
}

2.布局文件

布局文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_title"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Hello World!"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginTop="8dp"
        android:text="让子线程给主线程发送消息"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/tv_title" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button2"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginTop="32dp"
        android:text="让主线程给子线程发送消息"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/button" />

</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

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总结

以上就是今天要讲的内容，本文仅仅简单介绍了通过Handler让子线程给主线程发送消息的实现；以及通过Handler让主线程给子线程发送消息的实现。