Design File System

You are asked to design a file system that allows you to create new paths and associate them with different values.

The format of a path is one or more concatenated strings of the form: / followed by one or more lowercase English letters. For example, "/leetcode" and "/leetcode/problems" are valid paths while an empty string "" and "/" are not.

Implement the FileSystem class:

• bool createPath(string path, int value) Creates a new path and associates a value to it if possible and returns true. Returns false if the path already exists or its parent path doesn't exist.
• int get(string path) Returns the value associated with path or returns -1 if the path doesn't exist.

Example 1:

Input: 
["FileSystem","createPath","get"]
[[],["/a",1],["/a"]]
Output: 
[null,true,1]
Explanation: 
FileSystem fileSystem = new FileSystem();

fileSystem.createPath("/a", 1); // return true
fileSystem.get("/a"); // return 1

思路：如果只是上面的要求，那么hashmap就可以解决；

class FileSystem {

    private HashMap<String, Integer> hashmap;
    public FileSystem() {
        this.hashmap = new HashMap<>();
        hashmap.put("", -1);
    }
    
    public boolean createPath(String path, int value) {
        int index = path.lastIndexOf("/");
        String parent = path.substring(0, index);
        if(!hashmap.containsKey(parent)) {
            return false;
        }
        return hashmap.putIfAbsent(path, value) == null;
    }
    
    public int get(String path) {
        return hashmap.getOrDefault(path, -1);
    }
}

/**
 * Your FileSystem object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * FileSystem obj = new FileSystem();
 * boolean param_1 = obj.createPath(path,value);
 * int param_2 = obj.get(path);
 */

但是，Doordash的onsite有delete的要求，如果path有children就不能delete；

• delete(path) -> deletes a node, but ONLY if it has no children

如果用hashmap，那么delete就要loop所有的key，不是很efficient；那么如果用trie，只用search这个node以下的部分就可以了；所以这个题就是个变种的trie; 弄清楚了，其实也还好写；

class FileSystem {
    class TrieNode {
        public int value;
        public HashMap<String, TrieNode> children;
        public TrieNode() {
            this.value = -1;
            this.children = new HashMap<>();
        }
    }
    
    private TrieNode root;
    public FileSystem() {
        this.root = new TrieNode();
    }
    
    public boolean createPath(String path, int value) {
        TrieNode cur = root;
        String[] splits = path.split("/");
        int n = splits.length;
        // parent path; len - 1;
        // 注意是从1开始的，因为前面有个空格，不需要；
        for(int i = 1; i < n - 1; i++) {
            String word = splits[i];
            if(!cur.children.containsKey(word)) {
                return false;
            }
            cur = cur.children.get(word);
        }
        
        // last word;
        String lastword = splits[n - 1];
        if(cur.children.containsKey(lastword)) {
            return false;
        }
        cur.children.put(lastword, new TrieNode());
        TrieNode node = cur.children.get(lastword);
        node.value = value;
        return true;
    }
    
    public int get(String path) {
        TrieNode cur = root;
        String[] splits = path.split("/");
        // 注意是从1开始的，因为前面有个空格，不需要；
        for(int i = 1; i < splits.length; i++) {
            String word = splits[i];
            if(!cur.children.containsKey(word)) {
                return -1;
            }
            cur = cur.children.get(word);
        }
        return cur.value;
    }
    
    public boolean deletePath(String path) {
        TrieNode cur = root;
        String[] splits = path.split("/");
        // 注意是从1开始的，因为前面有个空格，不需要；
        for(int i = 1; i < splits.length - 1; i++) {
            String word = splits[i];
            if(!cur.children.containsKey(word)) {
                return false;
            }
            cur = cur.children.get(word);
        }
        
        //last word;
        String lastword = splits[splits.length - 1];
        TrieNode lastnode = cur.children.get(lastword);
        if(lastnode.children.size() == 0) {
            cur.children.remove(lastword);
            return true;
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    }
}

/**
 * Your FileSystem object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * FileSystem obj = new FileSystem();
 * boolean param_1 = obj.createPath(path,value);
 * int param_2 = obj.get(path);
 */