(八) 字符类设备注册

1.分配内存

　　对于杂项设备注册，只需要在平台文件添加一个结构体和一个指针，直接调用即可。字符设备和杂项设备的唯一区别就是多了这一步注册设备。
　　字符设备注册首先需要分配内存空间，杂项设备没有分配内存空间的过程，因为系统自带的代码已经给杂项设备分配好了。分配内存空间的函数kmalloc，在linux根目录中使用命令”vim include/linux/slab.h”：

static inline void *kzalloc(size_t size, gfp_t flags) {
         return kmalloc(size, flags | __GFP_ZERO);
}

　　size_t size,表示申请内存大小(128K),gfp_flags，常用参数GFP_KERNEL,代表优先权，内存不够可以延迟分配。和申请内存函数kzalloc对应的是kfree释放函数，void kfree(const void*)函数只有一个参数，就是内存指针,这个指针申请内存的函数kzalloc返回。

2.注册字符类设备　　

　　注册字符类设备的初始化函数为cdev_init，在linux根目录中,使用命令”vim include/linux/cdev.h”:

struct cdev {
          struct kobject kobj;
          struct module *owner;
          const struct file_operations *ops;
          struct list_head list;
          dev_t dev;
          unsigned int count;
  }; 
 void cdev_init(struct cdev *, const struct file_operations *);

　　struct cdev*,表示字符设备文件结构体；const struct file_operations *：file_operations结构体，这个结构体已经多次使用，不再赘述。
　　注册字符设备的函数为cdev_add，在linux根目录中,使用命令”vim include/linux/cdev.h”:

int cdev_add(struct cdev*,dev_t,unsigned);
void cdev_del(struct cdev*);

　　注册驱动的函数和cdev_add对应的还有卸载驱动的函数cdev_del。struct cdev*，cdev字符设备文件结构体；dev_t，设备号dev,unsigned，设备范围大小。卸载驱动函数void cdev_del(struct cdev *)只有一个参数,cdev字符设备结构体。

3.程序清单　

#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/moduleparam.h>
#include <linux/stat.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/kdev_t.h>
/*定义字符设备的结构体*/
#include <linux/cdev.h>
/*分配内存空间函数头文件*/
#include <linux/slab.h>

#define DEVICE_NAME "test"
#define DEVICE_MINOR_NUM 2
#define DEV_MAJOR 0
#define DEV_MINOR 0
#define REGDEV_SIZE 3000、


MODULE_LICENSE("Dual BSD/GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("flywang");


int numdev_major = DEV_MAJOR;
int numdev_minor = DEV_MINOR;

/*输入主设备号*/
module_param(numdev_major,int,S_IRUSR);
/*输入次设备号*/
module_param(numdev_minor,int,S_IRUSR);

struct reg_dev
{
    char *data;
    unsigned long size;

    struct cdev cdev;
};
struct reg_dev *my_devices;

struct file_operations my_fops = {
    .owner = THIS_MODULE,
};


/*设备注册到系统*/
static void reg_init_cdev(struct reg_dev *dev,int index){
    int err;
    int devno = MKDEV(numdev_major,numdev_minor+index);

    /*数据初始化*/
    cdev_init(&dev->cdev,&my_fops);
    dev->cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE;
    dev->cdev.ops = &my_fops;

    /*注册到系统*/
    err = cdev_add(&dev->cdev,devno,1);
    if(err){
        printk(KERN_EMERG "cdev_add %d is fail! %d\n",index,err);
    }
    else{
        printk(KERN_EMERG "cdev_add %d is success!\n",index);
    }
}

static int test_init(void)
{
    int ret = 0,i;
    dev_t num_dev;


    printk(KERN_EMERG "numdev_major is %d!\n",numdev_major);
    printk(KERN_EMERG "numdev_minor is %d!\n",numdev_minor);

    if(numdev_major){
        num_dev = MKDEV(numdev_major,numdev_minor);
        ret = register_chrdev_region(num_dev,DEVICE_MINOR_NUM,DEVICE_NAME);
    }
    else{
        /*动态注册设备号*/
        ret = alloc_chrdev_region(&num_dev,numdev_minor,DEVICE_MINOR_NUM,DEVICE_NAME);
        /*获得主设备号*/
        numdev_major = MAJOR(num_dev);
        printk(KERN_EMERG "adev_region req %d !\n",numdev_major);
    }
    if(ret<0){
        printk(KERN_EMERG "register_chrdev_region req %d is failed!\n",numdev_major);       
    }

    my_devices = kmalloc(DEVICE_MINOR_NUM * sizeof(struct reg_dev),GFP_KERNEL);
    if(!my_devices){
        ret = -ENOMEM;
        goto fail;
    }
    memset(my_devices,0,DEVICE_MINOR_NUM * sizeof(struct reg_dev));

    /*设备初始化*/
    for(i=0;i<DEVICE_MINOR_NUM;i++){
        my_devices[i].data = kmalloc(REGDEV_SIZE,GFP_KERNEL);
        memset(my_devices[i].data,0,REGDEV_SIZE);
        /*设备注册到系统*/
        reg_init_cdev(&my_devices[i],i);
    }


    printk(KERN_EMERG "scdev_init!\n");
    /*打印信息，KERN_EMERG表示紧急信息*/
    return 0;

fail:
    /*注销设备号*/
    unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(numdev_major,numdev_minor),DEVICE_MINOR_NUM);
    printk(KERN_EMERG "kmalloc is fail!\n");

    return ret;
}

static void test_exit(void)
{
    int i;
    printk(KERN_EMERG "scdev_exit!\n");

    /*除去字符设备*/
    for(i=0;i<DEVICE_MINOR_NUM;i++){
        cdev_del(&(my_devices[i].cdev));
    }

    unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(numdev_major,numdev_minor),DEVICE_MINOR_NUM);
}


module_init(test_init);
module_exit(test_exit);