jQuery的attr方法和prop方法使用区别
在一次面试中,被问到这样一个问题:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<input type="text" id="inn" value="100" />
<script src="js/jquery.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
document.getElementById("inn").value="1000";
$("#inn").attr("value")//结果是多少?
</script>
</body>
</html>
通过js来改变value的值1000,我们在界面上看到的值也是改变了,但实际是$(“#inn”).attr(“value”)还是100.
我们都知道attr是attribute缩写,prop是property的缩写,字面意思都是指属性。具体的区别可能分的不是很清楚。在经历此次面试之后我又看了一下jQuery的源代码(jQuery版本3.3.1)。
Attr 方法源码
$.fn.attr = function( name, value ) {
return access( this, jQuery.attr, name, value, arguments.length > 1 );
}
jQuery.attr = $.attr = function( elem, name, value ) {
var ret, hooks,
nType = elem.nodeType;
// Don't get/set attributes on text, comment and attribute nodes
if ( nType === 3 || nType === 8 || nType === 2 ) {
return;
}
// Fallback to prop when attributes are not supported
if ( typeof elem.getAttribute === "undefined" ) {
return jQuery.prop( elem, name, value );
}
// Attribute hooks are determined by the lowercase version
// Grab necessary hook if one is defined
if ( nType !== 1 || !jQuery.isXMLDoc( elem ) ) {
hooks = jQuery.attrHooks[ name.toLowerCase() ] ||
( jQuery.expr.match.bool.test( name ) ? boolHook : undefined );
}
if ( value !== undefined ) {
if ( value === null ) {
jQuery.removeAttr( elem, name );
return;
}
if ( hooks && "set" in hooks &&
( ret = hooks.set( elem, value, name ) ) !== undefined ) {
return ret;
}
elem.setAttribute( name, value + "" );
return value;
}
if ( hooks && "get" in hooks && ( ret = hooks.get( elem, name ) ) !== null ) {
return ret;
}
ret = jQuery.find.attr( elem, name );
// Non-existent attributes return null, we normalize to undefined
return ret == null ? undefined : ret;
}
jQuery.find.attr = Sizzle.attr = function( elem, name ) {
// Set document vars if needed
if ( ( elem.ownerDocument || elem ) !== document ) {
setDocument( elem );
}
var fn = Expr.attrHandle[ name.toLowerCase() ],
// Don't get fooled by Object.prototype properties (jQuery #13807)
val = fn && hasOwn.call( Expr.attrHandle, name.toLowerCase() ) ?
fn( elem, name, !documentIsHTML ) :
undefined;
return val !== undefined ?
val :
support.attributes || !documentIsHTML ?
elem.getAttribute( name ) :
(val = elem.getAttributeNode(name)) && val.specified ?
val.value :
null;
}
Prop方法源码
$.fn.prop = function( name, value ) {
return access( this, jQuery.prop, name, value, arguments.length > 1 );
},
prop: function( elem, name, value ) {
var ret, hooks,
nType = elem.nodeType;
// Don't get/set properties on text, comment and attribute nodes
if ( nType === 3 || nType === 8 || nType === 2 ) {
return;
}
if ( nType !== 1 || !jQuery.isXMLDoc( elem ) ) {
// Fix name and attach hooks
name = jQuery.propFix[ name ] || name;
hooks = jQuery.propHooks[ name ];
}
if ( value !== undefined ) {
if ( hooks && "set" in hooks &&
( ret = hooks.set( elem, value, name ) ) !== undefined ) {
return ret;
}
return ( elem[ name ] = value );
}
if ( hooks && "get" in hooks && ( ret = hooks.get( elem, name ) ) !== null ) {
return ret;
}
return elem[ name ];
}
jQuery.fn.attr方法和 jQuery.fn.prop方法源码共同调用公共方法 access
// Multifunctional method to get and set values of a collection
// The value/s can optionally be executed if it's a function
var access = function( elems, fn, key, value, chainable, emptyGet, raw ) {
var i = 0,
len = elems.length,
bulk = key == null;
// Sets many values 设置多个值$.fn.attr({'width':'50px','height':'50px'})
if ( toType( key ) === "object" ) {
chainable = true;
for ( i in key ) {
access( elems, fn, i, key[ i ], true, emptyGet, raw );
}
// Sets one value 设置一个值$.fn.attr('width','50px')
} else if ( value !== undefined ) {
chainable = true;
if ( !isFunction( value ) ) {
raw = true;
}
if ( bulk ) {
// Bulk operations run against the entire set
if ( raw ) {
fn.call( elems, value );
fn = null;
// ...except when executing function values
} else {
bulk = fn;
fn = function( elem, key, value ) {
return bulk.call( jQuery( elem ), value );
};
}
}
if ( fn ) {
for ( ; i < len; i++ ) {
fn(elems[ i ], key, raw ?
value :
value.call( elems[ i ], i, fn( elems[ i ], key ) )
);
}
}
}
if ( chainable ) {return elems;}
// Gets
if ( bulk ) {return fn.call( elems );}
return len ? fn( elems[ 0 ], key ) : emptyGet;
};
从源代码中可以看到attr方法中获取属性是通过ele.getAttribute去获取对应的属性值 即获取dom文档节点的属性,而prop方法是通过是通过ele[name]或者ele.name来获取属性值 即获取dom文档节点对应的js对象的属性。dom文档节点与dom节点对应的js对象是相同,一个发生变化另一个随之而变。在浏览器通过jQuery获取input查看各个对应的js属性,我们可以看到元素对应的js对象属性(下图)
我只截取部分需要的属性值,有需要的各位可以自己在浏览器查看。
对应的文档节点属性我们可以在浏览器端的控制台的Elements查看到。
通过attr方法添加的属性我们都可在浏览器的Elements查看到,通过prop添加的属性,无法直接在对应的文档节点上看到,只能通过获取到文档节点对应的js对象来查看获取
$("#inn").attr('self-attr','selfAttr');//下图第一张的结果释义
$("#inn").prop('self-prop','selfProp');//下图第二张的结果释义