Lesson 3: Hidden faces removal (z buffer)

1.

    { // just dumping the 2d scene (yay we have enough dimensions!)
        TGAImage scene(width, height, TGAImage::RGB);

        // scene "2d mesh"
        line(Vec2i(20, 34),   Vec2i(744, 400), scene, red);
        line(Vec2i(120, 434), Vec2i(444, 400), scene, green);
        line(Vec2i(330, 463), Vec2i(594, 200), scene, blue);

        // screen line
        line(Vec2i(10, 10), Vec2i(790, 10), scene, white);

        scene.flip_vertically(); // i want to have the origin at the left bottom corner of the image
        scene.write_tga_file("scene.tga");
    }

2.

   TGAImage render(width, 16, TGAImage::RGB);
        int ybuffer[width];
        for (int i=0; i<width; i++) {
            ybuffer[i] = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
        }
        rasterize(Vec2i(20, 34),   Vec2i(744, 400), render, red,   ybuffer);
        rasterize(Vec2i(120, 434), Vec2i(444, 400), render, green, ybuffer);
        rasterize(Vec2i(330, 463), Vec2i(594, 200), render, blue,  ybuffer);

void rasterize(Vec2i p0, Vec2i p1, TGAImage &image, TGAColor color, int ybuffer[]) {
    if (p0.x>p1.x) {
        std::swap(p0, p1);
    }
    for (int x=p0.x; x<=p1.x; x++) {
        float t = (x-p0.x)/(float)(p1.x-p0.x);
        int y = p0.y*(1.-t) + p1.y*t;
        if (ybuffer[x]<y) {
            ybuffer[x] = y;
            image.set(x, 0, color);
        }
    }
}

3.

triangle(screen_coords, float *zbuffer, image, TGAColor(intensity*255, intensity*255, intensity*255, 255), zbuffer);

[...]

void triangle(Vec3f *pts, float *zbuffer, TGAImage &image, TGAColor color) {
    Vec2f bboxmin( std::numeric_limits<float>::max(),  std::numeric_limits<float>::max());
    Vec2f bboxmax(-std::numeric_limits<float>::max(), -std::numeric_limits<float>::max());
    Vec2f clamp(image.get_width()-1, image.get_height()-1);
    for (int i=0; i<3; i++) {
        for (int j=0; j<2; j++) {
            bboxmin[j] = std::max(0.f,      std::min(bboxmin[j], pts[i][j]));
            bboxmax[j] = std::min(clamp[j], std::max(bboxmax[j], pts[i][j]));
        }
    }
    Vec3f P;
    for (P.x=bboxmin.x; P.x<=bboxmax.x; P.x++) {
        for (P.y=bboxmin.y; P.y<=bboxmax.y; P.y++) {
            Vec3f bc_screen  = barycentric(pts[0], pts[1], pts[2], P);
            if (bc_screen.x<0 || bc_screen.y<0 || bc_screen.z<0) continue;
            P.z = 0;
            for (int i=0; i<3; i++) P.z += pts[i][2]*bc_screen[i];
            if (zbuffer[int(P.x+P.y*width)]<P.z) {
                zbuffer[int(P.x+P.y*width)] = P.z;
                image.set(P.x, P.y, color);
            }
        }
    }
}