Lesson 2: Triangle rasterization and back face culling

1.实现画三角形

void triangle(Vec2i t0, Vec2i t1, Vec2i t2, TGAImage &image, TGAColor color) { 
    line(t0, t1, image, color); 
    line(t1, t2, image, color); 
    line(t2, t0, image, color); 
}

// ...

Vec2i t0[3] = {Vec2i(10, 70),   Vec2i(50, 160),  Vec2i(70, 80)}; 
Vec2i t1[3] = {Vec2i(180, 50),  Vec2i(150, 1),   Vec2i(70, 180)}; 
Vec2i t2[3] = {Vec2i(180, 150), Vec2i(120, 160), Vec2i(130, 180)}; 
triangle(t0[0], t0[1], t0[2], image, red); 
triangle(t1[0], t1[1], t1[2], image, white); 
triangle(t2[0], t2[1], t2[2], image, green);

2.排序

void triangle(Vec2i t0, Vec2i t1, Vec2i t2, TGAImage &image, TGAColor color) { 
    // sort the vertices, t0, t1, t2 lower−to−upper (bubblesort yay!) 
    if (t0.y>t1.y) std::swap(t0, t1); 
    if (t0.y>t2.y) std::swap(t0, t2); 
    if (t1.y>t2.y) std::swap(t1, t2); 
    line(t0, t1, image, green); 
    line(t1, t2, image, green); 
    line(t2, t0, image, red); 
}

3.将三角形垂直分为两半

void triangle(Vec2i t0, Vec2i t1, Vec2i t2, TGAImage &image, TGAColor color) { 
    // sort the vertices, t0, t1, t2 lower−to−upper (bubblesort yay!) 
    if (t0.y>t1.y) std::swap(t0, t1); 
    if (t0.y>t2.y) std::swap(t0, t2); 
    if (t1.y>t2.y) std::swap(t1, t2); 
    int total_height = t2.y-t0.y; 
    for (int y=t0.y; y<=t1.y; y++) { 
        int segment_height = t1.y-t0.y+1; 
        float alpha = (float)(y-t0.y)/total_height; 
        float beta  = (float)(y-t0.y)/segment_height; // be careful with divisions by zero 
        Vec2i A = t0 + (t2-t0)*alpha; 
        Vec2i B = t0 + (t1-t0)*beta; 
        image.set(A.x, y, red); 
        image.set(B.x, y, green); 
    } 
}

4.填充三角形

void triangle(Vec2i t0, Vec2i t1, Vec2i t2, TGAImage &image, TGAColor color) { 
    // sort the vertices, t0, t1, t2 lower−to−upper (bubblesort yay!) 
    if (t0.y>t1.y) std::swap(t0, t1); 
    if (t0.y>t2.y) std::swap(t0, t2); 
    if (t1.y>t2.y) std::swap(t1, t2); 
    int total_height = t2.y-t0.y; 
    for (int y=t0.y; y<=t1.y; y++) { 
        int segment_height = t1.y-t0.y+1; 
        float alpha = (float)(y-t0.y)/total_height; 
        float beta  = (float)(y-t0.y)/segment_height; // be careful with divisions by zero 
        Vec2i A = t0 + (t2-t0)*alpha; 
        Vec2i B = t0 + (t1-t0)*beta; 
        if (A.x>B.x) std::swap(A, B); 
        for (int j=A.x; j<=B.x; j++) { 
            image.set(j, y, color); // attention, due to int casts t0.y+i != A.y 
        } 
    } 
    for (int y=t1.y; y<=t2.y; y++) { 
        int segment_height =  t2.y-t1.y+1; 
        float alpha = (float)(y-t0.y)/total_height; 
        float beta  = (float)(y-t1.y)/segment_height; // be careful with divisions by zero 
        Vec2i A = t0 + (t2-t0)*alpha; 
        Vec2i B = t1 + (t2-t1)*beta; 
        if (A.x>B.x) std::swap(A, B); 
        for (int j=A.x; j<=B.x; j++) { 
            image.set(j, y, color); // attention, due to int casts t0.y+i != A.y 
        } 
    } 

5. 推导：p = A  + u(AB) + v(AC)

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              u(AB) + v(AC) + (PA) = 0

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              u(ABx) + v(ACx) + (PAx) = 0

              u(ABy) + v(ACy) + (PAy) = 0

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 (u,v,1)同时垂直于(ABx,ACx,PAx)和(ABy,ACy,PAy)

(u,v,1) = cross(vec3(ABx,ACx,PAx) ,vec3 (ABy,ACy,PAy))

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u > 0

v > 0

u+1 < 1

#include <vector> 
#include <iostream> 
#include ”geometry.h” 
#include ”tgaimage.h” 

const int width  = 200; 
const int height = 200; 

Vec3f barycentric(Vec2i *pts, Vec2i P) { 
    Vec3f u = cross(Vec3f(pts[2][0]-pts[0][0], pts[1][0]-pts[0][0], pts[0][0]-P[0]), Vec3f(pts[2][1]-pts[0][1], pts[1][1]-pts[0][1], pts[0][1]-P[1])); 
    if (std::abs(u[2])<1) return Vec3f(-1,1,1); // triangle is degenerate, in this case return smth with negative coordinates 
    return Vec3f(1.f-(u.x+u.y)/u.z, u.y/u.z, u.x/u.z); 
} 

void triangle(Vec2i *pts, TGAImage &image, TGAColor color) { 
    Vec2i bboxmin(image.get_width()-1,  image.get_height()-1); 
    Vec2i bboxmax(0, 0); 
    Vec2i clamp(image.get_width()-1, image.get_height()-1); 
    for (int i=0; i<3; i++) { 
        for (int j=0; j<2; j++) { 
            bboxmin[j] = std::max(0,        std::min(bboxmin[j], pts[i][j])); 
            bboxmax[j] = std::min(clamp[j], std::max(bboxmax[j], pts[i][j])); 
        } 
    } 
    Vec2i P; 
    for (P.x=bboxmin.x; P.x<=bboxmax.x; P.x++) { 
        for (P.y=bboxmin.y; P.y<=bboxmax.y; P.y++) { 
            Vec3f bc_screen  = barycentric(pts, P); 
            if (bc_screen.x<0 || bc_screen.y<0 || bc_screen.z<0) continue; 
            image.set(P.x, P.y, color); 
        } 
    } 
} 

int main(int argc, char** argv) { 
    TGAImage frame(200, 200, TGAImage::RGB); 
    Vec2i pts[3] = {Vec2i(10,10), Vec2i(100, 30), Vec2i(190, 160)}; 
    triangle(pts, frame, TGAColor(255, 0, 0)); 
    frame.flip_vertically(); // to place the origin in the bottom left corner of the image 
    frame.write_tga_file(”framebuffer.tga”); 
    return 0; 
}