为什么要有枚举
问题：要定义星期几或性别的变量，该怎么定义？假设用1-7分别表示星期一到星期日，但有人可能会写成int weekday = 0;或即使使用常量方式也无法阻止意外。
枚举就是要让某个类型的变量的取值只能为若干个固定值中的一个，否则，编译器就会报错。枚举可以让编译器在编译时就可以控制源程序中填写的非法值，普通变量的方式在开发阶段无法实现这一目标。
用普通类如何实现枚举功能
定义一个Weekday的类来模拟枚举功能。
私有的构造方法
每个元素分别用一个公有的静态成员变量表示
可以有若干公有方法或抽象方法。采用抽象方法定义nextDay就将大量的if.else语句转移成了一个个独立的类。
package cn.itcast.enumeration;
/**
* 用普通类模拟枚举。
*/
public class Weekday {
// 私有构造方法，不允许外界构造对象
private Weekday() {
}
// 自己构造对象
public static final Weekday SUNDAY = new Weekday();
public static final Weekday MONDAY = new Weekday();
public static final Weekday TUESDAY = new Weekday();
public static final Weekday WEDNESDAY = new Weekday();
public static final Weekday THURSDAY = new Weekday();
public static final Weekday FRIDAY = new Weekday();
public static final Weekday SATURDAY = new Weekday();
// 定义方法。注意个方法有大量的if-else判断，为了简化，我们可以把此方法定义为抽象的。具体看Weekday2
public Weekday nextDay() {
Weekday nextDay = null;
if (this == SUNDAY) {
nextDay = MONDAY;
} else if (this == MONDAY) {
nextDay = TUESDAY;
} else if (this == TUESDAY) {
nextDay = WEDNESDAY;
} else if (this == WEDNESDAY) {
nextDay = THURSDAY;
} else if (this == THURSDAY) {
nextDay = FRIDAY;
} else if (this == FRIDAY) {
nextDay = SATURDAY;
} else if (this == SATURDAY) {
nextDay = SUNDAY;
} else {
throw new IllegalArgumentException();
}
return nextDay;
}
// 覆写方法，便于外界调用
@Override
public String toString() {
String toString = null;
if (this == SUNDAY) {
toString = "sunday";
} else if (this == MONDAY) {
toString = "monday";
} else if (this == TUESDAY) {
toString = "tuesday";
} else if (this == WEDNESDAY) {
toString = "wednesday";
} else if (this == THURSDAY) {
toString = "thursday";
} else if (this == FRIDAY) {
toString = "friday";
} else if (this == SATURDAY) {
toString = "saturday";
} else {
throw new IllegalArgumentException();
}
return toString;
}
}
package cn.itcast.enumeration;
/**
* 用普通类模拟枚举。 这是对Weekday2的变化形式：把nextDay方法定义为抽象方法，让每个子类去实现。
*/
public abstract class Weekday2 {
/*
* 方式二。将nestDay定义为抽象方法，由每个子类自己去实现。
*/
public static final Weekday2 SUNDAY = new Weekday2() {
@Override
public Weekday2 nextDay() {
return MONDAY;
}
};
public static final Weekday2 MONDAY = new Weekday2() {
@Override
public Weekday2 nextDay() {
return TUESDAY;
}
};
public static final Weekday2 TUESDAY = new Weekday2() {
@Override
public Weekday2 nextDay() {
return WEDNESDAY;
}
};
public static final Weekday2 WEDNESDAY = new Weekday2() {
@Override
public Weekday2 nextDay() {
return THURSDAY;
}
};
public static final Weekday2 THURSDAY = new Weekday2() {
@Override
public Weekday2 nextDay() {
return FRIDAY;
}
};
public static final Weekday2 FRIDAY = new Weekday2() {
@Override
public Weekday2 nextDay() {
return SATURDAY;
}
};
public static final Weekday2 SATURDAY = new Weekday2() {
@Override
public Weekday2 nextDay() {
return SUNDAY;
}
};
public abstract Weekday2 nextDay();
@Override
public String toString() {
String toString = null;
if (this == SUNDAY) {
toString = "sunday";
} else if (this == MONDAY) {
toString = "monday";
} else if (this == TUESDAY) {
toString = "tuesday";
} else if (this == WEDNESDAY) {
toString = "wednesday";
} else if (this == THURSDAY) {
toString = "thursday";
} else if (this == FRIDAY) {
toString = "friday";
} else if (this == SATURDAY) {
toString = "saturday";
} else {
throw new IllegalArgumentException();
}
return toString;
}
}
枚举的基本应用
举例：定义一个Weekday的枚举。
扩展：枚举类的values,valueOf,name,toString,ordinal等方法
总结：枚举是一种特殊的类，其中的每个元素都是该类的一个实例对象，例如可以调用WeekDay.SUN.getClass().getName和WeekDay.class.getName()。
枚举的高级应用
枚举就相当于一个类，其中也可以定义构造方法、成员变量、普通方法和抽象方法。
枚举元素必须位于枚举体中的最开始部分，枚举元素列表的后要有分号与其他成员分隔。把枚举中的成员方法或变量等放在枚举元素的前面，编译器报告错误。
带构造方法的枚举
构造方法必须定义成私有的
如果有多个构造方法，该如何选择哪个构造方法？
枚举元素MON和MON（）的效果一样，都是调用默认的构造方法。
带方法的枚举
定义枚举TrafficLamp
实现普通的next方法
实现抽象的next方法：每个元素分别是由枚举类的子类来生成的实例对象，这些子类采用类似内部类的方式进行定义。
增加上表示时间的构造方法
枚举只有一个成员时，就可以作为一种单例的实现方式。
package cn.itcast.enumeration;
public class EnumTest2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Weekday mon = Weekday.MONDAY;
// System.out.format("%s的下一天是%s.%n", mon, mon.nextDay());
Weekday2 mon = Weekday2.MONDAY;
System.out.println(mon.name());
System.out.println(mon.ordinal());
System.out.println(Weekday2.valueOf("MONDAY"));
System.out.println(Weekday2.values().length);
}
public enum Weekday2 {
SUNDAY(0), MONDAY(1), TUESDAY(), WEDNESDAY, THURSDAY, FRIDAY, SATURDAY;
private Weekday2() {
System.out.println("无参构造方法");
}
private Weekday2(int day) {
System.out.println("有参构造方法");
}
}
public enum TrafficLamp {
RED(30) {
@Override
public TrafficLamp nextLamp() {
return GREEN;
}
},
GREEN(45) {
@Override
public TrafficLamp nextLamp() {
return YELLOW;
}
},
YELLOW(5) {
@Override
public TrafficLamp nextLamp() {
return RED;
}
};
private int time;
private TrafficLamp(int time) {
this.time = time;
}
public abstract TrafficLamp nextLamp();
public int getTime() {
return time;
}
}
}
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