当对象间存在一对多的关系,当状态改变时,其他对象都得到通知,这就是观察者模式了。
观察者模式实现发布-订阅功能。如我们有个项目叫NGI,需要召开StanUp会议,会议上需求变更时需要通过所有参加会议的人员,我们就可以使用观察者模式,其UML图如下:
其代码实现如下:
#include <iostream>
#include <list>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class Observer
{
public:
Observer(){}
virtual ~Observer(){}
virtual void Update(){}
};
class Meeting
{
private:
list<Observer*> m_obser;
protected:
string m_state;
public:
Meeting(){}
virtual ~Meeting(){}
void Attach(Observer* obser)
{
m_obser.push_back(obser);
}
void Remove(Observer* pObser)
{
m_obser.remove(pObser);
}
void Notify()
{
list<Observer*>::iterator iter;
for (iter = m_obser.begin(); iter != m_obser.end(); iter++)
{
(*iter)->Update();
}
}
virtual void SetStatus(string s) { m_state = s; }
virtual string GetStatus(void) { return m_state; }
};
class StanUpMeeting : public Meeting
{
private:
string m_name;
public:
StanUpMeeting(string name) :m_name(name) {}
~StanUpMeeting(){}
void SetStatus(string s) { m_state = "StanUp Meeting Notify :" + m_name + s; }
string GetStatus() { return m_state; }
};
class NgiObserver :public Observer
{
private:
string m_name;
Meeting* m_meeting;
public:
NgiObserver(string name, Meeting* meeting):m_name(name), m_meeting(meeting){}
~NgiObserver() {}
void Update()
{
string status = m_meeting->GetStatus();
cout << m_name << "******" << status << endl;
}
};
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
Meeting *meeting = new StanUpMeeting("PM:");
Observer *observer = new NgiObserver("Clark", meeting);
meeting->Attach(observer);
meeting->SetStatus("NGI Projrct requirment changed");
meeting->Notify();
delete meeting; delete observer;
return 0;
}
以上代码在VS2015上运行通过。