7.9.6模型类序列化器ModelSerializer
如果我们想要使用序列化器对应的是Django的模型类,DRF为我们提供了ModelSerializer模型类序列化器来帮助我们快速创建一个Serializer类。
ModelSerializer与常规的Serializer相同,但提供了:
- 基于模型类自动生成一系列字段
- 基于模型类自动为Serializer生成validators,比如unique_together
- 包含默认的create()和update()的实现
(1)模型类字段全部映射到序列化器
1)定义序列化器
class BookInfoSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): """图书数据序列化器""" class Meta: model = BookInfo fields = '__all__'
- model 指明参照哪个模型类
- fields 指明为模型类的哪些字段生成
2)创建序列化器对象
>>> from booktest.serializers import BookInfoModelSerializer
>>> s = BookInfoModelSerializer()
>>> s
BookInfoModelSerializer():
id = IntegerField(label='ID', read_only=True)
btitle = CharField(label='名称', max_length=20)
bpub_date = DateField(label='发布日期')
bread = IntegerField(label='阅读量', max_value=2147483647, min_value=-2147483648, required=False)
bcomment = IntegerField(label='评论量', max_value=2147483647, min_value=-2147483648, required=False)
is_delete = BooleanField(label='逻辑删除', required=False)
image = ImageField(allow_null=True, label='图片', max_length=100, required=False)
(2)模型类字段部分映射到序列化器
1)定义序列化器
class BookInfoSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
"""图书数据序列化器"""
class Meta:
model = BookInfo fields = ['id','btitle','bpub_date']
2)创建序列化器对象
>>> from booktest.serializers import BookInfoModelSerializer
>>> s = BookInfoModelSerializer()
>>> s
BookInfoModelSerializer():
id = IntegerField(label='ID', read_only=True)
btitle = CharField(label='名称', max_length=20)
(3)模型类字段排除指定字段
1)定义序列化器
class BookInfoSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
"""bookinfo数据序列化器"""
class Meta:
model = BookInfo
fields = ('id', 'btitle', 'bpub_date', 'bread', 'bcomment')
extra_kwargs = {
'bread': {'min_value': 0, 'required': True}, 'bcomment': {'min_value': 0,'required': True},
}
2)创建序列化器对象
>>> from booktest.serializers import BookInfoModelSerializer
>>> s = BookInfoModelSerializer()
>>> s
BookInfoModelSerializer():
id = IntegerField(label='ID', read_only=True)
btitle = CharField(label='名称', max_length=20)
bpub_date = DateField(label='发布日期')
bread = IntegerField(label='阅读量', max_value=2147483647, min_value=0, required=True)
bcomment = IntegerField(label='评论量', max_value=2147483647, min_value=0, required=True)