(一)基于SSH实现员工管理系统之框架整合篇

1.环境搭建

导入jar包

  • Struts2导入jar包:
*最基本的jar包
    * struts2/apps/struts2-blank.war/WEB-INF/lib/*.jar

*整合Spring框架
    * struts2/lib/struts2-spring-plugin-2.3.15.3.jar    

*整合AJAX
    * struts2/lib/struts2-json-plugin-2.3.15.3.jar
*使用Struts2注解开发                    
    * struts2/lib/struts2-convention-plugin-2.3.15.3.jar    
  • Hibernate导入jar包
* 核心包:hibernate3.jar
* lib/required/*.jar
* lib/jpa/*.jar
* 引入hibernate整合日志系统的jar包:slf4j-log4j12-1.7.2.jar
* 数据库驱动:mysql-connector-java-5.0.8-bin.jar
* 数据连接池:c3p0-0.9.1.jar


* 二级缓存:(可选的.)
* backport-util-concurrent.jar
* commons-logging.jar
* ehcache-1.5.0.jar
  • Spring导入jar包
*Spring3.2 开发最基本jar包
    spring-beans-3.2.0.RELEASE.jar
    spring-context-3.2.0.RELEASE.jar
    spring-core-3.2.0.RELEASE.jar
    spring-expression-3.2.0.RELEASE.jar
    com.springsource.org.apache.commons.logging-1.1.1.jar(日记整合的包,在spring依赖包下)
    com.springsource.org.apache.log4j-1.2.15.jar(进行日志记录的包,在spring依赖包下)

*AOP开发
    spring-aop-3.2.0.RELEASE.jar
    spring-aspects-3.2.0.RELEASE.jar
    com.springsource.org.aopalliance-1.0.0.jar
    com.springsource.org.aspectj.weaver-1.6.8.RELEASE.jar

*Spring Jdbc开发
    spring-jdbc-3.2.0.RELEASE.jar

*Spring事务管理
    spring-tx-3.2.0.RELEASE.jar

*Spring整合其他ORM框架
    spring-orm-3.2.0.RELEASE.jar

*Spring在web中使用
    spring-web-3.2.0.RELEASE.jar

*Spring整合Junit测试
    spring-test-3.2.0.RELEASE.jar

(Spring没有引入c3p0和数据库驱动)

引入配置文件

  • Struts2框架的配置文件

    web.xml

<filter>
        <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
**src下创建struts.xml**
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">

<struts>


</struts>
  • Spring框架的配置文件

web.xml

<!-- 配置Spring的监听器 -->
    <listener>
        <!-- 监听器默认加载的是WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml -->
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

    <!-- 指定Spring框架的配置文件所在的位置 -->
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>

applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx 
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">

</beans>

log4j.properties

### direct log messages to stdout ###
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.Target=System.out
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{ABSOLUTE} %5p %c{1}:%L - %m%n

### direct messages to file mylog.log ###
log4j.appender.file=org.apache.log4j.FileAppender
log4j.appender.file.File=d:/mylog.log
log4j.appender.file.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.file.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{ABSOLUTE} %5p %c{1}:%L - %m%n

### set log levels - for more verbose logging change 'info' to 'debug' ###

log4j.rootLogger=info, stdout
  • hibernate框架的配置文件

hibernate.cfg.xml(在ssh中该配置文件可以省略)
映射文件:类名.hbm.xml

创建包结构

*cn.my.ssh.action
*cn.my.ssh.service
*cn.my.ssh.dao
*cn.my.ssh.domain(创建一个Product类)
package cn.my.ssh.domain;

public class Product {
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private Double price;
    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public Double getPrice() {
        return price;
    }
    public void setPrice(Double price) {
        this.price = price;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Product [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", price=" + price
                + "]";
    }


}

2.Struts2整合Spring

页面创建(保存商品addProduct.jsp)

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>保存商品的页面</h1>
    <s:form action="product_save" namespace="/" method="post" theme="simple">
        <table border="1">
            <tr>
                <td>商品名称</td>
                <td><s:textfield name="name"></s:textfield></td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>商品价格</td>
                <td><s:textfield name="price"></s:textfield></td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td colspan="2"><s:submit value="保存商品"></s:submit></td>
            </tr>
        </table>
    </s:form>
</body>
</html>

编写action,service,dao

  • ProductAction
package cn.my.ssh.action;

import cn.my.ssh.domain.Product;
import cn.my.ssh.service.ProductService;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ModelDriven;

/**
 * 商品管理action类
 * @author xiong
 *
 */
public class ProductAction extends ActionSupport implements ModelDriven<Product> {
//  模型驱动使用的类
    Product product = new Product();
    public Product getModel() {

        return product;
    }
//  struts2和spring整合按名称注入的业务层类
    private ProductService productService = new ProductService();

    public void setProductService(ProductService productService) {
        this.productService = productService;
    }



}
  • ProductService
package cn.my.ssh.service;

import cn.my.ssh.dao.ProductDao;

/**
 * 商品管理service类
 * @author xiong
 *
 */
public class ProductService {
//  业务层注入dao的类
    private ProductDao productDao = new ProductDao();

    public void setProductDao(ProductDao productDao) {
        this.productDao = productDao;
    }


}
  • ProductDao
package cn.my.ssh.dao;
/**
 * 商品管理dao类
 * @author xiong
 *
 */
public class ProductDao {

}

配置action,service,dao的类

service,dao类的配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx 
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">

    <!-- 配置业务层的类 -->
    <bean id="productService" class="cn.my.ssh.service.ProductService">
        <property name="" ref=""></property>
    </bean>

    <!-- 配置dao层的类 -->
    <bean id="productDao" class="cn.my.ssh.dao.ProductDao">

    </bean>
</beans>
(1)struts2自己管理action类
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
<struts>
    <package name="ssh" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
        <action name="product_*" class="cn.my.ssh.action.ProductAction" method="{1}"></action>
    </package>
</struts>

添加各层测试代码:
结果:

action类的save方法执行了
service层的save方法执行了
dao层的save方法执行了
(2)action类由spring管理

applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx 
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">

    <!-- 配置action的类  注意加scope="prototype"不然action会是单例的-->
    <bean id="productAction" class="cn.my.ssh.action.ProductAction" scope="prototype">
    <!-- 手动注入service -->
        <property name="productService" ref="productService"></property>
    </bean>
    <!-- 配置业务层的类 -->
    <bean id="productService" class="cn.my.ssh.service.ProductService">
        <property name="productDao" ref="productDao"></property>
    </bean>

    <!-- 配置dao层的类 -->
    <bean id="productDao" class="cn.my.ssh.dao.ProductDao">

    </bean>
</beans>

struts.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
<struts>
    <package name="ssh" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
        <action name="product_*" class="productAction" method="{1}"></action>
    </package>
</struts>

Web层获得Service:

传统方式:
* 获得WebApplicationContext对象.
* 通过WebAppolicationContext中getBean(“”);

实际开发中:
* 引入了struts2-spring-plugin-2.3.15.3.jar
* 有一个配置文件 : struts-plugin.xml
开启常量 :
<constant name="struts.objectFactory" value="spring" />
引发另一个常量的执行:(Spring的工厂类按照名称自动注入)
struts.objectFactory.spring.autoWire = name

3.Spring整合Hibernate

创建数据库和映射文件

创建一个ssh的数据库:create database ssh;
创建Product的映射文件(与实体类在同一个包下):
Product.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
    <class name="cn.my.ssh.domain.Product" table="product">
        <id name="id" column="id">
            <generator class="native"></generator>
        </id>
        <property name="name" column="name" length="20"></property>
        <property name="price" column="price"></property>
    </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

配置去掉Hibernate配置文件

  • 编写jdbc.properties数据库属性文件
jdbc.driverClass=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ssh
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=root
  • 在applicationContext.xml配置hibernate的相关属性
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx 
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">

    <!-- 引入外部属性文件 -->
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/>

    <!-- 配置c3p0连接池 -->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
        <property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driverClass}"/>
        <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
        <property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- 配置hibernate相关属性 
     也可以使用hibernate.cfg.xml配置文件进行配置
    -->
    <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
        <!-- 注入连接池 -->
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
        <!-- 配置hibernate属性 -->
        <property name="hibernateProperties">
            <props>
            <!-- 配置方言为mysql方言 -->
                <prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</prop>
                <!-- 打印sql语句 -->
                <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.format_sql">true</prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
        <!-- 加载Hibernate中的对象映射文件 -->
        <property name="mappingResources">
        <!-- 对象为多个,使用list -->
            <list>
            <!-- 这里的路径是相对于src/下的路径 -->
                <value>cn/my/ssh/domain/Product.hbm.xml</value>
            </list>
        </property>
    </bean>


    <!-- 配置action的类  注意加scope="prototype"不然action会是单例的-->
    <bean id="productAction" class="cn.my.ssh.action.ProductAction" scope="prototype">
    <!-- 手动注入service -->
        <property name="productService" ref="productService"></property>
    </bean>
    <!-- 配置业务层的类 -->
    <bean id="productService" class="cn.my.ssh.service.ProductService">
        <property name="productDao" ref="productDao"></property>
    </bean>

    <!-- 配置dao层的类 -->
    <bean id="productDao" class="cn.my.ssh.dao.ProductDao">

    </bean>
</beans>

运行后自动在ssh数据库上创建product表

编写dao代码

在dao注入sessionFactory:

1.在dao的类上继承HibernateDaoSupport。
2.在配置dao时
    <!-- 配置dao层的类 -->
    <bean id="productDao" class="cn.my.ssh.dao.ProductDao">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"></property>
    </bean>

3.在Dao层调用模版完成保存操作
    this.getHibernateTemplate().save(product);

添加事务管理

<!-- 事务管理器 -->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- 注解开启事务 -->
    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>

**然后在业务层类上添加一个注解:
@Transactional**

HibernateTemplate的API:

Serializable save(Object entity)                        :保存数据
 void update(Object entity)                             :修改数据
 void delete(Object entity)                             :删除数据
 <T> T get(Class<T> entityClass, Serializable id)       :根据ID进行检索.立即检索
 <T> T load(Class<T> entityClass, Serializable id)      :根据ID进行检索.延迟检索.
 List find(String queryString, Object... values)        :支持HQL查询.直接返回List集合.
 List findByCriteria(DetachedCriteria criteria)         :离线条件查询.
 List findByNamedQuery(String queryName, Object... values)  :命名查询的方式.
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